linux公钥和私钥原理,RSA – 原理、特点（加解密及签名验签）及公钥和私钥的生成...

如果是对接其他平台提供的标准接口，如果这个接口用到了 RSA 加密，则需要这个平台提供对应的公钥。

Linux 下通过 OpenSSL 生成 RSA 公钥和私钥

需要提前在 Linux 上安装 OpenSSL，默认生成在当前用户家目录下：

Python

[root@VM_120_242_centos ~]# openssl

OpenSSL> genrsa -out app_private_key.pem 1024 # 生成私钥

Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus

.++++++

........++++++

e is 65537 (0x10001)

OpenSSL> rsa -in app_private_key.pem -pubout -out app_public_key.pem # 生成公钥

writing RSA key

OpenSSL> exit

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[root@VM_120_242_centos~]# openssl

OpenSSL>genrsa-outapp_private_key.pem1024# 生成私钥

GeneratingRSAprivatekey,1024bitlongmodulus

.++++++

........++++++

eis65537(0x10001)

OpenSSL>rsa-inapp_private_key.pem-pubout-outapp_public_key.pem# 生成公钥

writingRSAkey

OpenSSL>exit

对于 PHP 可以直接使用上面生成的原始私钥。但是 Java 需要将私钥转换成 PKCS8 格式，然后将生成的 PKCS8 格式的私钥去除头尾、换行和空格，作为私钥字符串填入代码中：

Python

OpenSSL> pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in app_private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out app_private_key_pkcs8.pem # 私钥转成 PKCS8 格式

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OpenSSL>pkcs8-topk8-informPEM-inapp_private_key.pem-outformPEM-nocrypt-outapp_private_key_pkcs8.pem# 私钥转成 PKCS8 格式

查看生成的文件：

Python

[root@VM_120_242_centos ~]# ll

总用量 1064

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 887 6月 14 11:25 app_private_key.pem

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 272 6月 14 11:25 app_public_key.pem

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[root@VM_120_242_centos~]# ll

总用量1064

-rw-r--r--1rootroot8876月1411:25app_private_key.pem

-rw-r--r--1rootroot2726月1411:25app_public_key.pem

查看公钥：

Python

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----

MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQC3//sR2tXw0wrC2DySx8vNGlqt

3Y7ldU9+LBLI6e1KS5lfc5jlTGF7KBTSkCHBM3ouEHWqp1ZJ85iJe59aF5gIB2kl

Bd6h4wrbbHA2XE1sq21ykja/Gqx7/IRia3zQfxGv/qEkyGOx+XALVoOlZqDwh76o

2n1vP1D+tD3amHsK7QIDAQAB

-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

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-----BEGINPUBLICKEY-----

MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQC3//sR2tXw0wrC2DySx8vNGlqt

3Y7ldU9+LBLI6e1KS5lfc5jlTGF7KBTSkCHBM3ouEHWqp1ZJ85iJe59aF5gIB2kl

Bd6h4wrbbHA2XE1sq21ykja/Gqx7/IRia3zQfxGv/qEkyGOx+XALVoOlZqDwh76o

2n1vP1D+tD3amHsK7QIDAQAB

-----ENDPUBLICKEY-----

转成 PKCS8 格式的公钥字符串为：

Python

MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQC3//sR2tXw0wrC2DySx8vNGlqt3Y7ldU9+LBLI6e1KS5lfc5jlTGF7KBTSkCHBM3ouEHWqp1ZJ85iJe59aF5gIB2klBd6h4wrbbHA2XE1sq21ykja/Gqx7/IRia3zQfxGv/qEkyGOx+XALVoOlZqDwh76o2n1vP1D+tD3amHsK7QIDAQAB

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MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQC3//sR2tXw0wrC2DySx8vNGlqt3Y7ldU9+LBLI6e1KS5lfc5jlTGF7KBTSkCHBM3ouEHWqp1ZJ85iJe59aF5gIB2klBd6h4wrbbHA2XE1sq21ykja/Gqx7/IRia3zQfxGv/qEkyGOx+XALVoOlZqDwh76o2n1vP1D+tD3amHsK7QIDAQAB

查看私钥：

Python

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

MIICXQIBAAKBgQC3//sR2tXw0wrC2DySx8vNGlqt3Y7ldU9+LBLI6e1KS5lfc5jl

TGF7KBTSkCHBM3ouEHWqp1ZJ85iJe59aF5gIB2klBd6h4wrbbHA2XE1sq21ykja/

Gqx7/IRia3zQfxGv/qEkyGOx+XALVoOlZqDwh76o2n1vP1D+tD3amHsK7QIDAQAB

AoGBAKH14bMitESqD4PYwODWmy7rrrvyFPEnJJTECLjvKB7IkrVxVDkp1XiJnGKH

2h5syHQ5qslPSGYJ1M/XkDnGINwaLVHVD3BoKKgKg1bZn7ao5pXT+herqxaVwWs6

ga63yVSIC8jcODxiuvxJnUMQRLaqoF6aUb/2VWc2T5MDmxLhAkEA3pwGpvXgLiWL

3h7QLYZLrLrbFRuRN4CYl4UYaAKokkAvZly04Glle8ycgOc2DzL4eiL4l/+x/gaq

deJU/cHLRQJBANOZY0mEoVkwhU4bScSdnfM6usQowYBEwHYYh/OTv1a3SqcCE1f+

qbAclCqeNiHajCcDmgYJ53LfIgyv0wCS54kCQAXaPkaHclRkQlAdqUV5IWYyJ25f

oiq+Y8SgCCs73qixrU1YpJy9yKA/meG9smsl4Oh9IOIGI+zUygh9YdSmEq0CQQC2

4G3IP2G3lNDRdZIm5NZ7PfnmyRabxk/UgVUWdk47IwTZHFkdhxKfC8QepUhBsAHL

QjifGXY4eJKUBm3FpDGJAkAFwUxYssiJjvrHwnHFbg0rFkvvY63OSmnRxiL4X6EY

yI9lblCsyfpl25l7l5zmJrAHn45zAiOoBrWqpM5edu7c

-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

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-----BEGINRSAPRIVATEKEY-----

MIICXQIBAAKBgQC3//sR2tXw0wrC2DySx8vNGlqt3Y7ldU9+LBLI6e1KS5lfc5jl

TGF7KBTSkCHBM3ouEHWqp1ZJ85iJe59aF5gIB2klBd6h4wrbbHA2XE1sq21ykja/

Gqx7/IRia3zQfxGv/qEkyGOx+XALVoOlZqDwh76o2n1vP1D+tD3amHsK7QIDAQAB

AoGBAKH14bMitESqD4PYwODWmy7rrrvyFPEnJJTECLjvKB7IkrVxVDkp1XiJnGKH

2h5syHQ5qslPSGYJ1M/XkDnGINwaLVHVD3BoKKgKg1bZn7ao5pXT+herqxaVwWs6

ga63yVSIC8jcODxiuvxJnUMQRLaqoF6aUb/2VWc2T5MDmxLhAkEA3pwGpvXgLiWL

3h7QLYZLrLrbFRuRN4CYl4UYaAKokkAvZly04Glle8ycgOc2DzL4eiL4l/+x/gaq

deJU/cHLRQJBANOZY0mEoVkwhU4bScSdnfM6usQowYBEwHYYh/OTv1a3SqcCE1f+

qbAclCqeNiHajCcDmgYJ53LfIgyv0wCS54kCQAXaPkaHclRkQlAdqUV5IWYyJ25f

oiq+Y8SgCCs73qixrU1YpJy9yKA/meG9smsl4Oh9IOIGI+zUygh9YdSmEq0CQQC2

4G3IP2G3lNDRdZIm5NZ7PfnmyRabxk/UgVUWdk47IwTZHFkdhxKfC8QepUhBsAHL

QjifGXY4eJKUBm3FpDGJAkAFwUxYssiJjvrHwnHFbg0rFkvvY63OSmnRxiL4X6EY

yI9lblCsyfpl25l7l5zmJrAHn45zAiOoBrWqpM5edu7c

-----ENDRSAPRIVATEKEY-----