python迭代器和生成器例子_Python中迭代器和生成器的示例详解

迭代器

Iterable

定义class Iterable(metaclass=ABCMeta):

__slots__ = ()

@abstractmethod

def __iter__(self):

while False:

yield None

@classmethod

def __subclasshook__(cls, C):

if cls is Iterable:

if any("__iter__" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):

return True

return NotImplemented

由定义可知Iterable必然包含__iter__函数

Iterator

定义class Iterator(Iterable):

__slots__ = ()

@abstractmethod

def __next__(self):

'Return the next item from the iterator. When exhausted, raise StopIteration'

raise StopIteration

def __iter__(self):

return self

@classmethod

def __subclasshook__(cls, C):

if cls is Iterator:

if (any("__next__" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__) and

any("__iter__" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__)):

return True

return NotImplemented

从定义可知Iterator包含__next__和__iter__函数,当next超出范围时将抛出StopIteration事件

类型关系#! /usr/bin/python

#-*-coding:utf-8-*-

from collections import Iterator,Iterable

# 迭代器

s = 'abc'

l = [1,2,3]

d=iter(l)

print(isinstance(s,Iterable)) # True

print(isinstance(l,Iterable)) # True

print(isinstance(s,Iterator)) # False

print(isinstance(l,Iterator)) # False

print(isinstance(d,Iterable)) # True

print(isinstance(d,Iterator)) # True

理论上你可以使用next()来执行__next__()，直到迭代器抛出StopIteration实际上系统提供了for .. in ..的方式来解析迭代器l = [1,2,3,4]

for i in l:

print(i)

# 执行结果

# 1

# 2

# 3

# 4

生成器 generator

生成器的本质是一个迭代器#! /usr/bin/python

#-*-coding:utf-8-*-

from collections import Iterator,Iterable

s = (x*2 for x in range(5))

print(s)

print('Is Iterable:' + str(isinstance(s,Iterable)))

print('Is Iterator:' + str(isinstance(s,Iterator)))

for x in s:

print(x)

# 执行结果

# at 0x000001E61C11F048>

# Is Iterable:True

# Is Iterator:True

# 0

# 2

# 4

# 6

# 8

函数中如果存在yield则该函数是一个生成器对象 在每一次执行next函数时该函数会在上一个yield处开始执行，并在下一个yield处返回(相当于return)def foo():

print("First")

yield 1

print("Second")

yield 2

f = foo()

print(f)

a = next(f)

print(a)

b = next(f)

print(b)

#

# First

# 1

# Second

# 2

实例#! /usr/bin/python

#-*-coding:utf-8-*-

def add(s,x):

return s+x

def gen():

for i in range(4):

yield i

base = gen()

# 由于gen函数中存在yield，所以

# for 循环本质是创建了两个generator object，而非执行函数

# base = (add(i,10) for i in base)

# base = (add(i,10) for i in base)

for n in [1,10]:

base = (add(i,n) for i in base)

# 这里才开始展开生成器

# 第一个生成器展开

# base = (add(i,10) for i in base)

# base = (add(i,10) for i in range(4))

# base = (10,11,12,13)

#

# 第二个生成器展开

# base = (add(i,10) for i in (10,11,12,13))

# base = (20,21,22,23)

print(list(base)) # [20,21,22,23]