java自我复制_Java中的深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)

深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)是两个比较通用的概念，尤其在C++语言中，若不弄懂，则会在delete的时候出问题，但是我们在这幸好用的是Java。虽然java自动管理对象的回收，但对于深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)，我们还是要给予足够的重视，因为有时这两个概念往往会给我们带来不小的困惑。

浅拷贝是指拷贝对象时仅仅拷贝对象本身(包括对象中的基本变量)，而不拷贝对象包含的引用指向的对象。深拷贝不仅拷贝对象本身，而且拷贝对象包含的引用指向的所有对象。举例来说更加清楚：对象A1中包含对B1的引用，B1中包含对C1的引用。浅拷贝A1得到A2，A2 中依然包含对B1的引用，B1中依然包含对C1的引用。深拷贝则是对浅拷贝的递归，深拷贝A1得到A2，A2中包含对B2(B1的copy)的引用，B2 中包含对C2(C1的copy)的引用。

若不对clone()方法进行改写，则调用此方法得到的对象即为浅拷贝，下面我们着重谈一下深拷贝。

运行下面的程序，看一看浅拷贝：

class Professor0 implements Cloneable {

String name;

int age;

Professor0(String name, int age) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {

return super.clone();

}

}

class Student0 implements Cloneable {

String name;// 常量对象。

int age;

Professor0 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。

Student0(String name, int age, Professor0 p) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

this.p = p;

}

public Object clone() {

Student0 o = null;

try {

o = (Student0) super.clone();

} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {

System.out.println(e.toString());

}

return o;

}

}

public class ShallowCopy {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Professor0 p = new Professor0("wangwu", 50);

Student0 s1 = new Student0("zhangsan", 18, p);

Student0 s2 = (Student0) s1.clone();

s2.p.name = "lisi";

s2.p.age = 30;

s2.name = "z";

s2.age = 45;

System.out.println("学生s1的姓名：" + s1.name + "\n学生s1教授的姓名：" + s1.p.name + "," + "\n学生s1教授的年纪" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授

}

}

s2变了，但s1也变了，证明s1的p和s2的p指向的是同一个对象。这在我们有的实际需求中，却不是这样，因而我们需要深拷贝：

class Professor implements Cloneable {

String name;

int age;

Professor(String name, int age) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

public Object clone() {

Object o = null;

try {

o = super.clone();

} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {

System.out.println(e.toString());

}

return o;

}

}

class Student implements Cloneable {

String name;

int age;

Professor p;

Student(String name, int age, Professor p) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

this.p = p;

}

public Object clone() {

Student o = null;

try {

o = (Student) super.clone();

} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {

System.out.println(e.toString());

}

o.p = (Professor) p.clone();

return o;

}

}

public class DeepCopy {

public static void main(String args[]) {

long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();

Professor p = new Professor("wangwu", 50);

Student s1 = new Student("zhangsan", 18, p);

Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone();

s2.p.name = "lisi";

s2.p.age = 30;

System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授不改变。

long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();

System.out.println(t2-t1);

}

}

当然我们还有一种深拷贝方法，就是将对象串行化：

import java.io.*;

//Serialization is time-consuming

class Professor2 implements Serializable {

/**

*

*/

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

String name;

int age;

Professor2(String name, int age) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

}

class Student2 implements Serializable {

/**

*

*/

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

String name;// 常量对象。

int age;

Professor2 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。

Student2(String name, int age, Professor2 p) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

this.p = p;

}

public Object deepClone() throws IOException, OptionalDataException,

ClassNotFoundException {

// 将对象写到流里

ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

ObjectOutputStream oo = new ObjectOutputStream(bo);

oo.writeObject(this);

// 从流里读出来

ByteArrayInputStream bi = new ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray());

ObjectInputStream oi = new ObjectInputStream(bi);

return (oi.readObject());

}

}

public class DeepCopy2 {

/**

* @param args

*/

public static void main(String[] args) throws OptionalDataException,

IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();

Professor2 p = new Professor2("wangwu", 50);

Student2 s1 = new Student2("zhangsan", 18, p);

Student2 s2 = (Student2) s1.deepClone();

s2.p.name = "lisi";

s2.p.age = 30;

System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age); // 学生1的教授不改变。

long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();

System.out.println(t2-t1);

}

}

但是串行化却很耗时，在一些框架中，我们便可以感受到，它们往往将对象进行串行化后进行传递，耗时较多。