路由设计
前后端不分离,模版渲染
建议:一个视图函数写一个url
获取所有的项目:
/projects
def list_projects()
获取单个项目内容:
/project/
def get_project()
修改某个项目内容:
/project_edit/
def edit_project()
前后端分离,通过method
/project
类的视图
GET
获取单个资源/project/
GET
获取全部/projects
PUT
:修改资源POST
:创建资源DELETE
:删除资源
一个简单的ajax例子
html
html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js">script>
head>
<body>
<p onclick="send_ajax()">点击发送p>
<script>function send_ajax() {
$.ajax({url: "http://127.0.0.1:5000",data: JSON.stringify({username: "zhongxin"}),dataType: 'json',type: "POST",contentType: 'application/json',success: function (data) {
alert('成功')
}
})
}script>
body>
html>
python
from flask import Flask, request, render_template
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/',methods=['GET','POST'])
def index():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('index.html')
elif request.method == 'POST':
print(request.json)
return '成功'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
使用ajax会返回X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
可以在XHR
中找到
request
from flask import request
在request
中包含了全部的请求信息和环境信息
values
form
args
cookies
请求的cookies,dict类型
data
包含了请求数据,并转换成字符串,无法处理的mimetype则会转换成stream
stream
如果请求的表单无法解码,则会无改动的保存到这里。
当请求数据转换string时,使用data是最好的方式,这个stream只返回数据一次
headers
请求头,dict类型
files
通过POST或者PUT请求上传的文件
environ
WSGI隐含的环境配置
method
请求方式
remote_addr
远程IP
user-agent
提供反扒和恶意攻击
文件上传
增加文件类型限制,文件大小限制
import os
from flask import Flask, request, render_template, send_from_directory
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config["MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH"] = 1024 * 1024 * 10 # 最大上传文件大小
@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('index.html')
elif request.method == 'POST':
print(request.json)
return '成功'
def allowed_format(filename):
if os.path.splitext(filename)[-1].lower() not in ['jpg', 'png']:
return False
else:
return True
@app.route('/upload', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def upload():
file = request.files.get('pic')
if file is None:
return render_template('index.html')
if allowed_format(file.filename):
file.save(file.filename)
return '保存成功'
return '保存失败'
@app.route('/upload/')
def get_upload(filename):
return send_from_directory(os.getcwd(), filename)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js">script>
head>
<body>
<p onclick="send_ajax()">点击发送p>
<form action="/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="pic">
<input type="submit">
form>
<script>function send_ajax() {
$.ajax({url: "http://127.0.0.1:5000",data: JSON.stringify({username: "zhongxin"}),dataType: 'json',type: "POST",contentType: 'application/json',success: function (data) {
alert('成功')
}
})
}script>
body>
html>
如果文件中存在空格,则可能出现问题
保存的时候需要添加secure_filename
from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename
file.save(secure_filename(file.filename))
响应头
为了返回一个json格式的内容,需要构造一个响应头信息
方式一
import json
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def index():
# 构造一个响应头信息
return json.dumps({"username": "zhongxin"}), 201, {"content-type": "application/json"}
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
方式二
import json
from flask import Flask, make_response
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def index():
r = make_response(json.dumps({"username": "zhongxin1"}), {"content-type": "application/json"})
return r
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
查看make_response
的源码:
def make_response(*args):
if not args:
return current_app.response_class()
if len(args) == 1:
args = args[0]
return current_app.make_response(args)
当没有入参的时候进入current_app.response_class()
进入之后可以看到response_class = Response
class Response(ResponseBase, JSONMixin):
default_mimetype = "text/html"
def _get_data_for_json(self, cache):
return self.get_data()
@property
def max_cookie_size(self):
if current_app:
return current_app.config["MAX_COOKIE_SIZE"]
return super(Response, self).max_cookie_size
所以默认的响应头就是"text/html"
方式三
from flask import Flask, jsonify
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def index():
r = jsonify({"username": "zhongxin2"})
return r
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
可以看一下jsonify
源码,其实也就是用的make_response
中的 current_app.response_class
def jsonify(*args, **kwargs):
indent = None
separators = (",", ":")
if current_app.config["JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR"] or current_app.debug:
indent = 2
separators = (", ", ": ")
if args and kwargs:
raise TypeError("jsonify() behavior undefined when passed both args and kwargs")
elif len(args) == 1: # single args are passed directly to dumps()
data = args[0]
else:
data = args or kwargs
return current_app.response_class(
dumps(data, indent=indent, separators=separators) + "\n",
mimetype=current_app.config["JSONIFY_MIMETYPE"],
)