python创建窗口应用程序_使用python的Tkinter构建应用程序

这一节记录的是我在使用python tkinter时的一些笔记。

背景：现在需要构建一个简易的聊天工具，说简易是因为确实只需要很简单的几个界面，包括一个登陆界面、一个好友列表和单击好友时弹出好友对话框可以交谈，我们这里只需要创建简单的界面(不包括业务)，所以选择用tkinter这个模块来实现。

要点一、神马是tkinter？

Tkinter模块("Tk 接口")是Python的标准Tk GUI工具包的接口.Tk和Tkinter可以在大多数的Unix平台下使用,同样可以应用在Windows和Macintosh系统里.,Tk8.0的后续版本可以实现本地窗口风格,并良好地运行在绝大多数平台中.(摘自百度百科)想要查看你的Tkinter版本，只需要在python命令行模式下输入print Tkinter.TkVersion即可，笔者的版本是8.5。

要点二、安装

一般情况下，安装python时，自带安装了Tkinter，并且与python的版本相对应，例如python2.7.3对应的应该是8.5版本，其余的我倒不是很熟悉。但有些预安装的python可能没有带上tkinter，例如我在虚拟机Fedora17上的python并没有自带tkinter，这时候解决办法是使用yum install tkinter命令即可。

要点三、登陆框

View Code

1 #-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

2 importTkinter3 from Tkinter import *

4 from multiprocessing importProcess,Pipe5 classLogin:6 def __init__(self,master,con):7 self.con = con#pipe connection

8 self.parent = master#Tk实例，父容器

9 self.username = ""

10 self.password=""

11 master.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.cancel)#绑定关闭按钮到cancel函数

12 self.__layout__(master)13

14 pass

15

16 #布局

17 def __layout__(self,master):18 master.geometry("320x150+400+100")#窗口大小及坐标

19 master.title("腾Q登陆框")20

21 row1 =Frame(master)22 row1.pack(padx=10,pady=15)23 Label(row1,width=8,text="用户名：",anchor=W).pack(side=LEFT)24 self.en_user =Entry(row1)25 self.en_user.pack(side=LEFT)26

27 row2 =Frame(master)28 row2.pack(padx=10,pady=0)29 Label(row2,width=8,text="密码：",anchor=W).pack(side=LEFT)30 self.en_pswd = Entry(row2,show="*")31 self.en_pswd.pack(side=LEFT)32

33 row3 =Frame(master)34 row3.pack(padx=10,pady=15)35 Button(row3,text="确定",width=10,command=self.ok).pack(side=LEFT,padx=5)36 Button(row3,text="取消",width=10,command=self.cancel).pack(side=LEFT,padx=5)37 pass

38

39 defok(self):40 self.username =self.en_user.get()41 self.password =self.en_pswd.get()42 if notself.validate():43 print "usrname or password error"

44 return

45 self.con.send({"res":True,"data":(self.username,self.password)})46 self.parent.quit()47 self.parent.destroy()48 pass

49

50 #验证账号密码

51 defvalidate(self):52 returnTrue53

54 defcancel(self):55 self.con.send({"res":False,"data":(self.username,self.password)})56 self.parent.quit()57 self.parent.destroy()58 pass

效果如图：

要点四、好友列表

View Code

1 #-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

2 importTkinter3 from Tkinter import *

4 from multiprocessing importProcess,Pipe5 from Chat import *

6 importstring7 classMain:8 def __init__(self,master,con=""):9 self.con = con #ends of a pipe

10 self.parent =master11 self.__loadmyself__()12 self.__layout__(master)13

14 #在这里导入个人资料，至少包含name属性

15 def __loadmyself__(self):16 self.me = {"name":u"沉鱼落雁"}17 pass

18

19 def __layout__(self,master):20 master.geometry("320x720+400+0")21 master.title("腾Q")22

23 f_message =Frame(master)24 f_message.pack(fill=X)25

26 Label(f_message,text=self.me['name']+"(online)").grid(row=0,sticky=W,pady=10,padx=5)27 Label(f_message,text="好友列表：").grid(row=1,sticky=W)28

29

30 f_friendlist =Frame(master)31 f_friendlist.pack(fill=BOTH)32 #带滚动条

33 scrollbar = Scrollbar(f_friendlist, orient=VERTICAL)34

35 self.listbox = Listbox(f_friendlist,yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set,height=700)36 scrollbar.config(command=self.listbox.yview)37 scrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)38 self.listbox.bind("",self.show)39 self.refreshfriends()40 self.listbox.pack(fill=BOTH,expand=1)41 pass

42

43 #在这里导入好友列表

44 defloadfriends(self):45 #reading friends list from server

46 #for example:(needs to be modified)

47 self.friendlist = [{"ID":0,"name":u"xxx","state":"on"},{"ID":1,"name":u"范德萨","state":"off"}]48

49 fl =self.friendlist50 for obj infl:51 self.listbox.insert(END,"%s(%s)"% (obj["name"],obj["state"]))52 for i in range(2,50):53 obj = {"ID":i,"name":u"王老吉%d"%i,"state":"on"}54 self.friendlist.append(obj)55 self.listbox.insert(END,"%s(%s)"% (obj["name"],obj["state"]))56 pass

57

58 #更新好友列表，通常是周期性更新好友状态

59 defrefreshfriends(self):60 self.listbox.delete(0,END)61 self.loadfriends()62 pass

63

64 #开启对话框

65 defshow(self,event):66 lb =self.listbox;67 ss =lb.curselection()68 if len(ss) == 1:69 #print lb.curselection(),lb.get(lb.curselection())

70 index =string.atoi(ss[0])71 if index >=len(self.friendlist) :72 print "error",index,len(self.friendlist)73 else:74 obj =self.friendlist[index]75 if not obj.has_key("open"):76 self.__openchat__(obj)77 else:78 if not obj["open"] == "yes":79 self.__openchat__(obj)80 else:81 print obj['ID'],"alreay open"

82 #print self.friendlist[ss[0]]

83 pass

84

85 def __openchat__(self,obj):86 obj["open"] = "yes"

87 chat = Chat(self.parent,"",obj,self.me)88 pass

89

90 if __name__ == "__main__":91 root =Tk()92 main =Main(root)93 root.mainloop()

效果如图：

要点五、对话框基类

View Code

1 #coding=UTF-8

2 #File: myDialog.py

3

4 from Tkinter import *

5 importos6

7 classDialog(Toplevel):8

9 def __init__(self, parent, title =None):10

11 Toplevel.__init__(self, parent)12 self.transient(parent)13

14 iftitle:15 self.title(title)16

17 self.parent =parent18

19 self.result =None20

21

22 body =Frame(self)23 self.initial_focus =self.body(body)24 body.pack(padx=5, pady=5,fill=X)25

26 self.buttonbox()27

28 #self.grab_set()

29

30 if notself.initial_focus:31 self.initial_focus =self32

33 self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.cancel)34

35 self.geometry("+%d+%d" % (parent.winfo_rootx()+50,36 parent.winfo_rooty()+50))37

38 self.initial_focus.focus_set()39

40 self.wait_window(self)41

42 #43 #construction hooks

44

45 defbody(self, master):46 #create dialog body. return widget that should have

47 #initial focus. this method should be overridden

48

49 pass

50

51 defbuttonbox(self):52 #add standard button box. override if you don't want the

53 #standard buttons

54

55 box =Frame(self)56

57 self.btn_ok = Button(box, text="确定", width=10, command=self.ok)58 self.btn_ok .pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)59 self.btn_cancel = Button(box, text="取消", width=10, command=self.cancel)60 self.btn_cancel .pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)61

62 #self.bind("", self.ok)

63 #self.bind("", self.cancel)

64

65 box.pack(anchor=E)66

67 #68 #standard button semantics

69

70 def ok(self, event=None):71

72 if notself.validate():73 self.initial_focus.focus_set() #put focus back

74 return

75

76 self.withdraw()77 self.update_idletasks()78

79 self.apply()80

81 self.cancel()82

83 def cancel(self, event=None):84 #put focus back to the parent window

85 self.parent.focus_set()86 self.destroy()87

88 #89 #command hooks

90

91 defvalidate(self):92

93 return 1 #override

94

95 defapply(self):96

97 pass #override

要点六、对话框

View Code

1 #coding=UTF-8

2 importTkinter3 from Tkinter import *

4 from myDialog import *

5 from datetime import *

6

7 classChat(Dialog):8 def __init__(self,master,title,obj,me):9 self.obj =obj10 self.me =me11 t = u"与"+obj['name']+u"聊天中"

12 Dialog.__init__(self,master,t)13

14 defapply(self):15 dt=datetime.now()16 timestr = u'%s于%s说： \n' % (self.me['name'],dt.strftime('%c'))17 msg = self.input.get(1.0,END)18 if msg.strip() == "":19 returnFalse20 self.insertmessage(timestr+msg)21 self.input.delete(1.0,END)22

23 self.text.yview(MOVETO, 1.0)24 pass

25

26 defbody(self,master):27 self.geometry("680x480")28 self.resizable(False,False)29

30 frame =Frame(master)31 Label(frame,text="聊天记录：").pack(padx=5,pady=5)32 frame.grid(row=0,sticky=W)33

34 frame =Frame(master)35 frame.grid(row=1)36 self.text_scrollbar = Scrollbar(frame, orient=VERTICAL)37 self.text = Text(frame,yscrollcommand= self.text_scrollbar.set,height=14,bg="white")38 self.text_scrollbar.config(command=self.text.yview)39 self.text_scrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)40 self.text.bind("", lambda e : "break")41 self.text.pack()42

43 frame =Frame(master)44 Label(frame,text="输入聊天信息：").pack(padx=5,pady=5)45 frame.grid(row=2,sticky=W)46

47

48 frame =Frame(master)49 frame.grid(row=3)50 scrollbar = Scrollbar(frame, orient=VERTICAL)51 self.input = Text(frame,yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set,height=8,bg="white")52 scrollbar.config(command=self.input.yview)53 scrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)54 self.input.pack(fill=Y)55

56

57 #插入聊天信息(显示在聊天框)

58 definsertmessage(self,msg):59 self.text.insert(END,msg+"\n")60 pass

61

62 #设置对话框标题

63 defsetTitle(self,title):64 self.title(title)65 pass

66

67 def ok(self,event=None):68 self.apply()69 pass

70

71 def cancel(self,event=None):72 self.obj["open"] = "no"

73 print "set open %s to no"%self.obj['name']74 Dialog.cancel(self,event)75

76 if __name__ == "__main__":77 print "开放的"

效果如图：