DNS高级应用：子域授权、转发和view的实现方法
发布时间：2020-06-20 20:43:43
来源：51CTO
阅读：526
作者：jay_zhao
DNS高级应用：子域授权、转发和view的实现方法
在上面的功能实现之前我们先来复习一下DNS一些配置的基本格式:ACL:acl string {
address_match_element;
address_match_element;
... };
ZONE :#主服务器
zone string optional_class {
type master ;
file quoted_string;
...
};
#从服务器
zone string optional_class {
type slave ;
masters { MASTER_ADDRESS; }
file quoted_string;
...
};
#转发服务器
zone string optional_class {
type forward ;
forward {first|only};
forwarders { forward_address; }
...
};
VIEW
# 一旦启动view，所有的zone只能定义在view中。
view string optional_class {
match-clients { address_match_element; ... };
match-destinations { address_match_element; ... };
zone string optional_class {
...
};
访问控制指令：allow-query { address_match_element; ... };
allow-transfer { address_match_element; ... };
allow-recursion { address_match_element; ... };
allow-update { address_match_element; ... };
详情man named.conf
子域授权：
环境：两台centos6.5
IP1:192.168.1.16 , IP2:192.168.1.20
实现方式：将IP1配置成DNS服务器，在其下配置一个以IP2为域名的DNS服务器(子域)。只需在IP1的解析库文件里定义一个子域即可。
START:关闭防火墙和selinux
首先配置IP1(192.168.1.16)：
修改配置文件# cat /etc/named.conf
options {
listen-on port 53 { 192.168.1.16; 127.0.0.1; };//or delete this line
// listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { any; };
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable no;
dnssec-validation no;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
// bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
// managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
添加zone:# tail /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "jiajie.com" IN {
type master;
file "jiajie.zone";
};
配置解析库文件：# vim /var/named/jiajie.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA ns1.jiajie.com. jjzgood.126.com. (
20170509
1H
10M
5D
1D )
IN NS ns1
IN NS ns2
ns1 IN A 192.168.1.16
ns2 IN A 192.168.1.17
www IN A 192.168.1.17
* IN A 192.168.1.16
#在解析库里定义一个字域
ops IN NS ns1.ops
ops IN NS ns2.ops
ns1.ops IN A 192.168.1.20
ns2.ops IN A 192.168.1.21
修改权限和组：#chmod 640 /var/named/jiajie.zone
# chown :named /var/named/jiajie.zone
# ll /var/named/jiajie.zone
-rw-r----- 1 root named 292 5月 9 16:30 /var/named/jiajie.zone
重启服务：# service named restart
查看端口号：# ss -tlnp|grep :53
验证：# host -t a www.jiajie.com 192.168.1.16
Using domain server:
Name: 192.168.1.16
Address: 192.168.1.16#53
Aliases:
www.jiajie.com has address 192.168.1.17
3.配置子域(IP2：192.168.1.20)
修改配置文件：# cat /etc/named.conf
options {
listen-on port 53 { 192.168.1.16; 127.0.0.1; };//or delete this line
// listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { any; };
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable no;
dnssec-validation no;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
// bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
// managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
添加ZONE:# tail /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "ops.jiajie.com" IN {
type master;
file "ops.jiajie.com.zone";
};
配置解析库文件：# vim /var/named/ops.jiajie.com.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA ns1.ops.jiajie.com. jjzgood.126.com. (
20170509
1H
10M
5D
1D )
IN NS ns1
IN NS ns2
ns1 IN A 192.168.1.20
ns2 IN A 192.168.1.21
www IN A 192.168.1.20
* IN A 192.168.1.21
修改权限和组：# chmod 640 /var/named/ops.jiajie.com.zone
# chown named /var/named/ops.jiajie.com.zone
重启服务：# service named restart
查看端口号：# ss -tlnp|grep :53
验证：# host -t a www.ops.jiajie.com 192.168.1.20
Using domain server:
Name: 192.168.1.20
Address: 192.168.1.20#53
Aliases:
www.ops.jiajie.com has address 192.168.1.20
# host -t a ftp.ops.jiajie.com 192.168.1.20
Using domain server:
Name: 192.168.1.20
Address: 192.168.1.20#53
Aliases:
ftp.ops.jiajie.com has address 192.168.1.21
--------------------------------------------
#注意上下两个使用的dns服务器是不同的
---------------------------------------------
# host -t a www.ops.jiajie.com 192.168.1.16
Using domain server:
Name: 192.168.1.16
Address: 192.168.1.16#53
Aliases:
www.ops.jiajie.com has address 192.168.1.20
[root@test1 ~]# host -t a ftp.ops.jiajie.com 192.168.1.16
Using domain server:
Name: 192.168.1.16
Address: 192.168.1.16#53
Aliases:
ftp.ops.jiajie.com has address 192.168.1.21
由上可以看出如果用父域来解析子域的地址是可以的，但是如果使用子域去解析父域的是解析不出来的(如下图)。此时我们可以在子域上设置一个转发服务器来解决上面的尴尬状况。
如下图：# host -t a ftp.jiajie.com 192.168.1.20
Using domain server:
Name: 192.168.1.20
Address: 192.168.1.20#53
Aliases:
Host ftp.jiajie.com not found: 3(NXDOMAIN)
转发服务器
注意：本实验是基于上面的实验进行的。
首先在IP2(192.168.1.20)服务器上增加一个转发区域：# tail /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "jiajie.com" IN {
type forward;
forward only;
forwarders { 192.168.1.16; };
};
重新加载配置服务：# rndc reload
此时我们就可以在子域上解析父域的地址了：# host -t A ftp.jiajie.com 192.168.1.20
Using domain server:
Name: 192.168.1.20
Address: 192.168.1.20#53
Aliases:
ftp.jiajie.com has address 192.168.1.16转发分为全局转发和区域转发
全局转发：凡是非本机所负责的解析区域的，统统转发给指定服务器。option {
forward {first|only};
forwarders { address; }
};
区域转发：只转发对特定区域的请求到指定服务器zone {
type forward;
forward {first|only};
forwarders { address; }
};
智能view的实现：
本实验是在上面两个实验的基础上进行修改的。
注意一旦启用view，所有的zone都能定义在view中
一个bind可以定义多个view，每个view中可以定义一个或者多个zone。
多个view内可能需要对同一个区域进行解析，但使用不同的区域解析文件。
客户端请求到达时是自上而下检查view的。
配置：
配置IP1(192.168.1.16)
1.首先先把/etc/named.conf中的根区域移到/etc/named.rfc1912.zones文件中。# vim /etc/named.conf
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
2.在/etc/named.conf文件首部添加一个acl#vim /etc/named.conf
acl in_net {
192.168.1.16;
192.168.1.10;
127.0.0.0/24;
};
3.添加两个view,注意第一个view将文件中的zone都圈起来，第二个view添加在文件的底部。#将匹配acl内的IP
# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
view innet {
match-clients { in_net; };
allow-recursion { in_net; };
zone ...
...
};
}；
#匹配acl以外的IP
view outnet {
match-clients { any; };
zone "jiajie.com" IN {
type master;
file "jiajie.com.out";
allow-update { none; };
};
};
4.cp /var/named/jiajie.zone /var/named/jiajie.com.out -a
5.编辑/var/named/jiajie.zone.out# vim /var/named/jiajie.com.out
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA ns1.jiajie.com. jjzgood.126.com. (
20170509
1H
10M
5D
1D )
IN NS ns1
IN NS ns2
ns1 IN A 192.168.1.16
ns2 IN A 192.168.1.17
www IN A 2.2.2.2
* IN A 2.2.2.3
6.运行# rndc reload
7.验证：#基于IP1(192.168.1.16)平台验证
# host www.jiajie.com 192.168.1.16
Using domain server:
Name: 192.168.1.16
Address: 192.168.1.16#53
Aliases:
www.jiajie.com has address 192.168.1.17
#基于IP2(192.168.1.20)平台验证
# host www.jiajie.com 192.168.1.16
Using domain server:
Name: 192.168.1.16
Address: 192.168.1.16#53
Aliases:
www.jiajie.com has address 2.2.2.2
windows平台验证：
由上面可以看出你虽然是访问同一个域名，但是如果你的IP地址不同，将会返回给你不同的地址，这样就实现了智能化。
2017/5/9 22:04:59
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