mysql mha keepalived_MySQL之MHA+keepalived方案演示(四)

配置VIP实现MHA架构中主库故障自动切换

1.说明

引入keepalived实现MHA架构中主库master故障时，从库slave自动提升为新的maser

vip配置可以采用两种方式:

一种通过keepalived的方式管理虚拟ip的浮动；

另外一种通过脚本方式启动虚拟ip的方式(即不需要keepalived或者heartbeat类似的软件)。

此处先介绍通过安装keepalived来管理虚拟IP的浮动：

1.1下载软件安装keepalived

(两台master，准确的说一台是master，另外一台是备选master，在没有切换以前是slave)

在server02 192.168.2.128操作

server03 192.168.2.129也要执行上面的操作，安装是一样的，只是配置文件不一样，这里不演示了。

1.2配置keepalived的配置文件

A、在master上配置(server02 192.168.2.128)操作如下:

[root@server02 scripts]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

global_defs {

notification_email {

305xxx7536@qq.com

}

notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc

smtp_server 192.168.200.1

smtp_connect_timeout 30

router_id LVS_01

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

#state MASTER

state BACKUP

interface eth1

virtual_router_id 51

priority 150

advert_int 1

nopreempt

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 1111

}

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.2.100/24

}

}

其中router_id LVS_01表示设定keepalived组的名称，将192.168.2.100这个虚拟ip绑定到该主机的eth1网卡上，并且设置了状态为backup模式，将keepalived的模式设置为非抢占模式(nopreempt)，priority 150表示设置的优先级为150。下面的配置略有不同，但是都是一个意思。(还有一个细节要注意的，要看清楚自己的网卡是eth0做模拟VIP,还是eth1)

B、在候选master上配置(server03 192.168.2.129)操作如下：

[root@server03 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

global_defs {

notification_email {

305xxxx536@qq.com

}

notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc

smtp_server 192.168.200.1

smtp_connect_timeout 30

router_id LVS_02

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state BACKUP

interface eth1

virtual_router_id 51

priority 120

advert_int 1

nopreempt

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 1111

}

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.2.100/24

}

}

1.3启动keepalived服务

在master上启动并查看日志(server02 192.168.2.128)操作如下:

[root@server03 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start

Starting keepalived: [ OK ]

[root@server03 ~]#

[root@server03 ~]# tail -100f /var/log/messages

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived[42132]: Starting Keepalived v1.4.0 (12/29,2017)

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived[42132]: Running on Linux 3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Aug 20 14:10:49 UTC 2013 (built for Linux 2.6.32)

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived[42132]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived[42133]: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=42135

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived[42133]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=42136

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived_healthcheckers[42135]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE

Jul 1 14:42:05 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(3), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]

Jul 1 14:42:52 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

Jul 1 14:42:53 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

Jul 1 14:42:53 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.

Jul 1 14:42:53 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.100

Jul 1 14:42:53 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 192.168.2.100

Jul 1 14:42:53 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.100

Jul 1 14:42:53 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.100

Jul 1 14:42:53 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.100

Jul 1 14:42:53 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.100

Jul 1 14:42:58 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.100

Jul 1 14:42:58 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 192.168.2.100

Jul 1 14:42:58 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.100

Jul 1 14:42:58 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.100

Jul 1 14:42:58 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.100

Jul 1 14:42:58 slave01 Keepalived_vrrp[42136]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.100

1.4查看绑定情况

[root@server02 ~]# ip a|grep 192.168.2.100

inet 192.168.2.100/24 scope global secondary eth1

[root@server02 ~]#

发现已经将虚拟IP 192.168.2.100绑定了master02 192.168.2.128的网卡eth1上了

从上面的信息可以看到keepalived已经配置成功。

#####特别注意！！！！！

上面两台服务器的keepalived都设置为了BACKUP模式，在keepalived中2种模式，分别是master->backup模式和backup->backup模式。这两种模式有很大区别。在master->backup模式下，一旦主库宕机，虚拟ip会自动漂移到从库，当主库修复后，keepalived启动后，还会把虚拟ip抢占过来，即使设置了非抢占模式(nopreempt)抢占ip的动作也会发生。在backup->backup模式下，当主库宕机后虚拟ip会自动漂移到从库上，当原主库恢复和keepalived服务启动后，并不会抢占新主的虚拟ip，即使是优先级高于从库的优先级别，也不会发生抢占。为了减少ip漂移次数，通常是把修复好的主库当做新的备库。

++++到此处MHA架构中keepalived服务安装配置完成++++

2、MHA引入keepalived

MySQL服务进程挂掉时通过MHA 停止keepalived:

要想把keepalived服务引入MHA，我们只需要修改切换是触发的脚本文件master_ip_failover即可，在该脚本中添加在master发生宕机时对keepalived的处理。

2.1准备故障切换脚本

编辑脚本/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover，修改后如下(server04 192.168.2.130)操作：

failover脚本脚本内容如下：(采用的是keepalived 切换方式)

[root@server04 ~]# cat /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;

use warnings FATAL => 'all';

use Getopt::Long;

my (

$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,

$orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port

);

my $vip = '192.168.2.100';

my $ssh_start_vip = "/etc/init.d/keepalived start";

my $ssh_stop_vip = "/etc/init.d/keepalived stop";

GetOptions(

'command=s' => \$command,

'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,

'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,

'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,

'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,

'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,

'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,

'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,

);

exit &main();

sub main {

print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";

if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {

my $exit_code = 1;

eval {

print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";

&stop_vip();

$exit_code = 0;

};

if ($@) {