手机如何运行python文件夹_如何使用__pycache__文件夹运行Python项目？

I want to run a Pythonic project using Python compilation (.pyc or __pycache__). In order to do that in Python2, I haven't any problem.

Here is a simplified example in a Python2 project:

Project tree:

test2

├── main.py

└── subfolder

├── __init__.py

└── sub.py

Compile:

python -m compileall test2

Project tree after the compile:

test2

├── main.py

├── main.pyc

└── subfolder

├── __init__.py

├── __init__.pyc

├── sub.py

└── sub.pyc

As you can see, several .pyc manually generated. Now I can run this project using main.pyc as fine, which has a relation with the sub.py:

python main.pyc

Out:

Hi

Bye

main.py content:

from subfolder import sub

print('Bye')

sub.py content:

print('Hi')

Now I want to retry this behavior in a Python3 project.

Here is a simplified asyncio (available in Python3) project:

Project tree:

test3

├── main.py

└── subfolder

├── __init__.py

└── sub.py

Compile:

python3 -m compileall test3

Project tree after the compile:

test3

├── main.py

├── __pycache__

│   └── main.cpython-36.pyc

└── subfolder

├── __init__.py

├── __pycache__

│   ├── __init__.cpython-36.pyc

│   └── sub.cpython-36.pyc

└── sub.py

As you can see, __pycache__ folders manually generated. But I cannot run this project using main.cpython-36.pyc which has a relation with subfolder:

cd test3/__pycache__

python3 main.cpython-36.pyc

Out (I expected that produced the Hi Bye message):

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "test3/main.py", line 2, in

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'subfolder'

main.py content:

import asyncio

from subfolder import sub

async def myCoroutine():

print("Bye")

def main():

loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()

loop.run_until_complete(myCoroutine())

loop.close()

main()

sub.py content:

print('Hi')

Question:

How can I run this project (above Python3 project) using __pycache__ folder?

Or

How can I run a Python3 project with the relation between subfolders using python compilation?

[NOTE]:

I cannot use the python compileall (Python2 compile) in the above Python3 project due to the asyncio method.

My Python(s) version is Python2.7 and Python3.6

解决方案

You can enforce the same layout of pyc-files in the folders as in Python2 by using:

python3 -m compileall -b test3

The option -b triggers the output of pyc-files to their legacy-locations (i.e. the same as in Python2).

After that you can once again use the compiled cache via:

python3 main.pyc

The way the loading of modules works since PEP-3147, it is impossible to use pyc-files from __pycache__ folder in the way you intend: If there is no *.py-file, the content of the __pycache__ is never looked-up. Here is the most important part of the workflow:

import foo

|

|

-- > [foo.py exists?] --- NO ----> [foo.pyc exists?] -- NO --> [ImportError]

| |

| YES

YES |--> [load foo.pyc]

|

|-> [look up in __pycache__]

That means, files from __pycache__ are only looked up, when a corresponding *.py-file can be found.