一、准备环境
1、JDK1.6及以上版本
2、Eclipse
3、Tomcat
4、Ngrok
二、步骤
1、访问微信公众平台开发者手册 https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki 如下是接入规则(来自开发者手册):
开发者提交信息后,微信服务器将发送GET请求到填写的服务器地址URL上,GET请求携带参数如下表所示:
参数
描述
signature
微信加密签名,signature结合了开发者填写的token参数和请求中的timestamp参数、nonce参数。
timestamp
时间戳
nonce
随机数
echostr
随机字符串
开发者通过检验signature对请求进行校验(下面有校验方式)。若确认此次GET请求来自微信服务器,请原样返回echostr参数内容,则接入生效,成为开发者成功,否则接入失败。加密/校验流程如下:
1)将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序
2)将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密
3)开发者获得加密后的字符串可与signature对比,标识该请求来源于微信
2、接入微信开发者模式开始
我们细细品味微信提供的规则:若确认此次GET请求来自微信服务器,请原样返回echostr参数内容,则接入生效,成为开发者成功,否则接入失败
我们索性就在get方法中获取echostr直接返回,按照此规则,我先来创建一个web项目,并创建一个Servlet,代码如下:
package com.weixin.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class SignUtil
*/
@WebServlet("/SignUtil")
public class SignUtil extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* Default constructor.
*/
public SignUtil() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String echostr=request.getParameter("echostr");
response.getWriter().print(echostr);
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
将项目不部署到Tomcat,可以正常访问Servlet,返回null。OK
3、开启Ngrok,用Ngrok映射的域名也可以正常访问Servlet,若不懂Ngrok的设置,请参考我的博文 微信开发第一篇
4、登录到微信公众平台,在开发--》基本配置,首次开启,会让你确认,勾选“我同意”,成为开发者 如下图:
5、在基本配置中,点击修改配置,修改配置
URL:对应我们Servlet地址,注意:这里要是我们ngrok映射的域名
Token:可随意的英文组合
EncodingAESKey:随机生成
消息加密方式:明文模式
点击【修改配置】
6、提交后点击【启用】,就可以启用我们的开发者模式了
7、虽然我们投机取巧,成功的启用开发者模式,但是这种方式是不符合微信的规则,
下面我们通过微信的方式,来实现启用开发者模式:
1)将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序
2)将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密
3)开发者获得加密后的字符串可与signature对比,标识该请求来源于微信
直接上代码:
package com.weixin.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class SignUtil
*/
@WebServlet("/SignUtil")
public class SignUtil extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private static String token = "weixin";
/**
* Default constructor.
*/
public SignUtil() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//微信服务器get传递的参数
String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
if (this.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {
out.print(echostr);
}
out.close();
out = null;
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
/**
*
* @param signature
* @param timestamp
* @param nonce
* @return
*/
public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce){
String[] arr = new String[]{token, timestamp, nonce};
//排序
Arrays.sort(arr);
StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++){
content.append(arr[i]);
}
MessageDigest md = null;
String tmpStr = null;
try {
md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
//SHA-1加密
byte[] digest = md.digest(content.toString().getBytes());
tmpStr = byteToStr(digest);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
content = null;
// 比对 判断
return tmpStr != null ? tmpStr.equals(signature.toUpperCase()): false;
}
/**
*
* @param digest
* @return
*/
private static String byteToStr(byte[] digest) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String strDigest = "";
for(int i = 0; i < digest.length; i++){
strDigest += byteToHexStr(digest[i]);
}
return strDigest;
}
/**
*
* @param b
* @return
*/
private static String byteToHexStr(byte b) {
char[] Digit = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
char[] tempArr = new char[2];
tempArr[0] = Digit[(b >>> 4) & 0X0F];
tempArr[1] = Digit[b & 0X0F];
String s = new String(tempArr);
return s;
}
}
8、重新启用自己的开发者模式,看是否能成功,若验证不通过,欢迎各位在评论区提问,谢谢各位
所有博文内容,全部是自己一步一步操作出来的,请尊重版权,若转载请说明出处,谢谢。