python 直方图的绘制方法全解,在Python中绘制直方图的时间序列

I'm trying to plot a time-series of histograms in Python. There has been a similar question about this, but in R. So, basically, I need the same thing, but I'm really bad in R. There are usually 48 values per day in my dataset. Where - 9999 represents missing data. Here's the sample of the data.

I started with reading in the data and constructing a pandas DataFrame.

import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv('sample.csv', parse_dates=True, index_col=0, na_values='-9999')

print df

DatetimeIndex: 336 entries, 2008-07-25 14:00:00 to 2008-08-01 13:30:00

Data columns (total 1 columns):

159.487691046 330 non-null values

dtypes: float64(1)

Now I can group the data by day:

daily = df.groupby(lambda x: x.date())

But then I'm stuck. I don't know how to use this with matplotlib to get my timeseries of histograms. Any help appreciated, not necessarily using pandas.

解决方案

Make a histogram and use matplotlib's pcolor.

We need to bin the groups uniformly, so we make bins manually based on the range of your sample data.

In [26]: bins = np.linspace(0, 360, 10)

Apply histogram to each group.

In [27]: f = lambda x: Series(np.histogram(x, bins=bins)[0], index=bins[:-1])

In [28]: df1 = daily.apply(f)

In [29]: df1

Out[29]:

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

2008-07-25 0 0 0 3 18 0 0 0 0

2008-07-26 2 0 0 0 17 6 13 1 8

2008-07-27 4 3 10 0 0 0 0 0 31

2008-07-28 0 7 15 0 0 0 0 6 20

2008-07-29 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 26 0

2008-07-30 10 1 0 0 0 0 1 25 9

2008-07-31 30 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 12

2008-08-01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 14

Following your linked example in R, the horizontal axis should be dates, and the vertical axis should be the range of bins. The histogram values are a "heat map."

In [30]: pcolor(df1.T)

Out[30]:

It remains to label the axes. This answer should be of some help.