python爬虫与django_Python爬虫实战笔记_4-1 Django Entrance

Step by step, my first django app

Django startproject.

$ django-admin startproject mysite

Django startapp.

$ cd mysite

$ python3 manage.py startapp myapp ### 环境中2.7与3.5版本并存，这里需要指明python3

Go to pycharm, find settings.py, add app name 'myapp' into INSTALLED_APPS list.

INSTALLED_APPS = [

'django.contrib.admin',

'django.contrib.auth',

'django.contrib.contenttypes',

'django.contrib.sessions',

'django.contrib.messages',

'django.contrib.staticfiles',

'myapp', ###

]

Create a new directory 'templates'(与manage.py同级), and add this directory into settings.py.

If 'APP_DIRS' is True，It tells Django engine that you should look for templates inside installed applications besides the base DIR. If False, then the engine only search mysite/templates.

TEMPLATES = [

{

'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',

'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR), 'templates'],

'APP_DIRS': True,

'OPTIONS': {

'context_processors': [

'django.template.context_processors.debug',

'django.template.context_processors.request',

'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',

'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',

],

},

},

]

New a file 'index.html' under 'templates'. Design it.

Welcome Django!

In views.py, define a function. It will return a rendered html

def menublog(request):

return render(request, 'index.html')

Go to urls.py, define the url to lead all urls beginning with 'index' to 'menublog' defined in vews.py

from myapp.views import menublog

urlpatterns = [

url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

url(r'^index/', menublog)

]

python manage.py runserver

python3 manage.py migrate

python3 manage.py runserver localhost:9001

visit 'http://localhost:9001/index/' and 'Welcome Django!' will show on your browser.

Congratulations!

关联templates与静态资源如CSS, img

settings.py中添加静态资源的路径

STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),)

新建一个与manage.py同级的目录名称为"static"

此目录下存放CSS, img等资源。

在templates 中引用静态资源

index.html的第一行添加如下语法加载静态资源，同时将资源的引用路径都替换为src="{% static 'images/0001.jpg' %}"类似的格式。

{% load static %}

The blah


• home
• site
• other

The Beach

---

• 

• 

• 

stretching from Solta to M1jets

© Mugglecoding

Connect model

这一步实现从数据库中获取数据并填充到templates的指定位置。

pip install mongoengine

in setting.py, connect your model

＃ website是目标数据库的名字

from mongoengine import connect

connect('website', host='127.0.0.1', port=27017)

go to models.py to define your own model

from django.db import models

from mongoengine import *

# Create your models here.

class menublog(Document):

des = StringField()

title = StringField()

score = StringField()

tags = ListField(StringField())

author = StringField()

# targettable 指定数据库website中的一张数据表的名字

meta = {

'collection': 'targettable'

}

in views.py, import your model

render() combines a given template with a given context dictionary and returns an HttpResponse object with that rendered text.

# 导入models.py中定义的class menublog

from myapp.models import menublog

def myview(request):

data = menublog.objects

# mydata将作为key在templates中被引用

context = {

'mydata': data}

return render(request, 'index.html', context)

Django template language

引用views.py中myview返回的HttpResponse

......

{% for item in mydata %}


{{ item.title }}

{% for tag in item.tags %}

{{ tag }}

{% endfor %}

{{ item.des }}

{{ item.score }}

{% endfor %}

......

就像直接使用python一样，for循环也可以嵌套。

至此，对Ｄjango的整个框架结构有了初步的印象。

Keep going...