学习英语必须要了解英语的各种时态,不了解时态会说话时闹出笑话,也会引出歧义,做题的时候也会出错。所以英语的时态一定要分清也要记牢,无论什么时候运用英语的时候都不要忘记。现在就和沪江小编一起了解了解吧!
英语时态表 时态
名称 结构 常连用的词 主要用法 例句
一般现在时 1 be动词用am/is/are表示,之后接名词,形容词或介词。 often;
usually;
every…
sometimes;
always;
never;
once/twice/… a week/month/year;
on Sundays/Mondays/….; 一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的习惯性的动作或状态,或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态 陈述句:I am an office worker.
He is so lazy. They are at home now.
否定句: I am not Tim.
She is not very beautiful.
They are not in the office.
一般疑问句:Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful?
2 行为动词用V原形或V-s/es,引导疑问句和否定句,用do或don’t;第三人称时用does或doesn’t,有does出现动词用原形;第三人称陈述句V后加s或es. 陈述句:I work in Shanghai.
He works at home.
Davy never watches TV at home.
否定句: I don’t like the food in KFC.
Davy doesn’t like the food in KFC either.
一般疑问句:
Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station?
一般过去时。 1.be动词用过去式was或 were表示。 yesterday;
the day before yesterday;
last week/month/year/….;
… ago;
a moment ago;
just now;
on/in+过去的时间; 在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 陈述句:I was a big boss.He was beautiful.
We were in Beijing last year.
否定句: I was not at home at that moment.
We were not at work yesterday.
一般疑问句: Were you a teacher?
Was she in the office last week?
2行为动词用V-ed,陈述句,疑问句和否定句借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。 陈述句:I worked in Sunmoon.
We studied English there. He lived in HongKong.
否定句: I didn’t work here.
They didn’t see me. She liked English a lot.
一般疑问句: Did you go to America?
Did he work in Sunmoon? 时态
名称 结构 常连用的词 主要用法 例句
一般将来时 1 任何人称+will+V原形. tomorrow,
the day after tomorrow;
soon;
next week/month/year/...;
the week/month/year/... after next;
on/in +将来的时间;
in+一段时间;. 即将发生动作或状态。 陈述句:I will fly to KongKong tomorrow.
He will go with us.
We will arrive in Shanghai next week.
否定句:I will never believe you again.
He will not come tonight.
We will not buy a car next year.
一般疑问句:Will you go there by train?
Will he come tomorrow?
Will they live a five-star hotel?
2 is/am/are+going to+V原形,表示计划打算做什么事情。 陈述句:I’m going to go to Kongkong by air.
否定句:We are not going to buy a house here.
一般疑问句:Are they going to change their jobs?
特殊疑问句:How are you going to tell him?
过去将来时 was/were going to +V原形 多用在宾语从句中 在过去将会发生的动作。 陈述句:I was going to buy a computer.
They told me that they were not going to go abroad.
否定句:I was not going to buy a computer.
任何人称+would +V原形 He said he would come in in Shanghai.
I said I would buy you a car one day. 时态
名称 结构 常连用的词 主要用法 例句
现在进行时 is/am/are+V-ing now;
at present;
at the moment;Look!(放在句首);
Listen! (放在句首); 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 陈述句:I’m waiting for my boy friend.
He is doing the housework at home now.
We are enjoying ourselves.
否定句:He is not playing toys.
一般疑问句:Are you having dinner at home?
Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?
特殊疑问句:What are you doing now?
Where are they having a meal?
过去进行时 was/were+V-ing at that time;
at this time yesterday;
at+时间点+yesterday/last night;
at that moment; 过去一段时间正在发生的动作。 陈述句:I was doing my homework at that time.
We were having a party while he was sleeping.
否定句:He was not sleeping at 11 o’clock last night.
一般疑问句: Were you watching TV at that time?
特殊疑问句: What were you doing at that moment? 时态
名称 结构 常连用的词 主要用法 例句
现在完成时 have/has+ p.p(过去分词) already;just;before;
yet(否定句中);ever;never;once/twice/…
for+一段时间;
since +时间点;
since+一段时间+ago;
by+现在时间;
so far; up to now; till now; until now;
recently/lately;
during/over/in the past/last…. 用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。简单的说,就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响。 陈述句:I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter.
He has lived here for nearly 10 years.
否定句:I haven’t finished my homework..
Tim hasn’t come yet.
We haven’t heard any news about him
一般疑问句: Has he worked here since he came here?
特殊疑问句: How long have you worked in this company?
特别注意: 1. have/has always been+名词/形容词/介词:总是或一直是什么样子。。。
He has always been a good father. I have always been busy.
They have always been in America.
2. have/has gone to:去了。。。
He has gone to Beijing.
They have gone to the cinema. 3. have/has been to:表示去过或到过。。。
I have been to Canada. Have you been to Hongkong?
Where have you been? I have never been here.
过去完成时 had + p.p(过去分词) 过去的过去:
by+过去的时间;
表“过去某动作或时间以前”的时间状语。 动作发生在过去的过去。 陈述句:He said he had told Davy.
They told us they had finished the work.
He left the office after he had called Davy.
否定句:She hadn’t had dinner before she went out.
一般疑问句:Had she learnt English before she moved here?
特殊疑问句:how many English words had he learnt by the end of last year?
补充:
一、情态动词can, must, may。may没有否定形式。
陈述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.
否定句:I can’t swim at all. You mustn’t(表示禁止) smoke in the office.
一般疑问句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?
特殊疑问句: How can I get there? What must I do now?
由情态动词的过去式构成,can—could.
She could walk when she was one year old.
I could not speak English one year ago.
二、各种时态用法补充:
1、一般现在时
(1)在由after, until, befor, once, when, even if ,in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment以及if, unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时。
例:I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
我一看见他,就把消息告诉他。
(2)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave等。
(3)在由why, what, where, whoever, who, that,as等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时。
例:Tomorrow at this time we’ll give $500 to any one who brings him to justice.
2、一般将来时
(1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或即将发生的事情。
例:I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.
(2)be to +v表示计划安排将要做的事。
例:There is to be a rail strike on July 18th.
(3)be about to+v表示即将发生的事情。
例:We are about to start.
(4)be due to+v表示预先确定了的、必定要发生的事。
例:His book is due to be published in October.
他的书预定10月份出版。
(5)be on the point/verge of +(v-ing)sth.强调即将发生的某种事态。
例:The country is on the verge of civil war.
这个国家就要打内战了。
3、现在进行时
(1)表示现阶段经常发生的动作,常与always, continually, constantly等连用(多表示赞扬或厌恶等语气)。
例:John is always coming late. 约翰总是迟到。
(2)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词,即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有;go, come, leave, start, arrive,return等。
例:They are leaving for Hongkong next monty.
他们下个月去香港。
(3)有些动词一般不能使用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉”、“感情”、“存在”、“从属”等的动词。如:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, appear(表示感觉的动词);hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive(表示感情的动词);be, exist, remain, stay, obtain(表示存在状态的动词);have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of , form(表示占有与从属的动词);understand, know, belive, think, doubt, forget, remember(表示思考、理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变,有时也可使用进行时态。
例:Jane looks pale.What’s wrong with him?
珍妮看上去脸色苍白,她怎么了?(look在此为联系动词)
例:Jane is looking for his books.
珍妮正在寻找她的书。(look在此为实义动词)
4.完成进行时
完成进行时是完成时的强调形式。
5.完成时态
(1)现在完成时与与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调过去发生的动作与现在的关系,如所发生的结果、影响等;而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去表示某一时刻,不表示与现在的关系。
(2)完成时态可用在下列结构中:
This(That,It)is(was )the first(second….)time+定语从句:
This(That,It)is(was) the only (last)+名词+定语从句;
This(This,It)is (was)+形容词最高级+名词+定语从句。
如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词动词通常用现在完成时;
如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词通常用过去完成时。
例1:This is the first time(that )I’ve drunk Californian champagne.
这是我第一次喝加利福尼亚香槟酒。
例2:There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
有人敲门,这是当天晚上第二次有人打扰我了。
6.动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望,预期,意图或愿望等没有实现。
例1:I had meant to leave to on Monday, but have stayed on.
我本来打算星期一离开,但最终还是继续留下来了。
另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是:
7.was / were+ to have done sth.
例1:We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.
我们本想昨天来的,但我们来不了。
8.intended (expected, hoped, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired)+ to have done sth.
例:1I mean to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
我本想告诉你这件事,但我忘掉了。
9.过去完成时常用于以下固定句型:
(1)hardly / scarcely / barely+过去完成时(倒装形式)+when +过去时
例1:Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with.
我一到达就有新问题要处理。
(2) no sooner+过去完成时(倒装形式)+than +过去时。
例1:No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.
这话刚说出口,他就意识到他本该保持沉默的。
(3)by(the end of )+过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。
例1:By the end of that year Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.
到那年年底,亨利已收集了一千多张外国邮票
不要觉得知识多,只要弄懂了英语的各种时态问题,无论是口语还是考试,不会再因为这种问题而出错。对于英语时态还有什么疑问的朋友,可以来沪江网进行专业系统的学习。