python装饰器在类中使用-python-使用类作为方法装饰器

通常,当以some_instance.some_method()访问方法时,python的descriptor protocol会插入并调用some_method .__ get __(),这将返回绑定的方法.但是,由于该方法已替换为Deco类的实例,因此不会发生-因为Deco不是描述符.为了使Deco正常工作,它必须实现__get__方法,该方法返回自身的绑定副本.

实作

这是基本的“不执行任何操作”修饰符类：

import inspect

import functools

from copy import copy

class Deco(object):

def __init__(self, func):

self.__self__ = None # "__self__" is also used by bound methods

self.__wrapped__ = func

functools.update_wrapper(self, func)

def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):

# if bound to an object, pass it as the first argument

if self.__self__ is not None:

args = (self.__self__,) + args

#== change the following line to make the decorator do something ==

return self.__wrapped__(*args, **kwargs)

def __get__(self, instance, owner):

if instance is None:

return self

# create a bound copy

bound = copy(self)

bound.__self__ = instance

# update __doc__ and similar attributes

functools.update_wrapper(bound, self.__wrapped__)

# add the bound instance to the object"s dict so that

# __get__ won"t be called a 2nd time

setattr(instance, self.__wrapped__.__name__, bound)

return bound

要使装饰器执行某些操作,请在__call__方法中添加代码.

这是一个带有参数的参数：

class DecoWithArgs(object):

#== change the constructor"s parameters to fit your needs ==

def __init__(self, *args):

self.args = args

self.__wrapped__ = None

self.__self__ = None

def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):

if self.__wrapped__ is None:

return self.__wrap(*args, **kwargs)

else:

return self.__call_wrapped_function(*args, **kwargs)

def __wrap(self, func):

# update __doc__ and similar attributes

functools.update_wrapper(self, func)

return self

def __call_wrapped_function(self, *args, **kwargs):

# if bound to an object, pass it as the first argument

if self.__self__ is not None:

args = (self.__self__,) + args

#== change the following line to make the decorator do something ==

return self.__wrapped__(*args, **kwargs)

def __get__(self, instance, owner):

if instance is None:

return self

# create a bound copy of this object

bound = copy(self)

bound.__self__ = instance

bound.__wrap(self.__wrapped__)

# add the bound decorator to the object"s dict so that

# __get__ won"t be called a 2nd time

setattr(instance, self.__wrapped__.__name__, bound)

return bound

这样的实现使我们可以在方法和函数上使用装饰器,因此我认为应将其视为良好实践.