python存储json数据_Python如何用json模块存储数据

存储数据

很多程序都要求用户输入某种信息，程序把用户提供的信息存储在列表和字典等数据结构中。用户关闭程序时，就要保存提供的信息，一种简单的方式就是使用模块json来存储数据。

模块json能将简单的python数据结构存储到文件中，并在程序再次运转时加载该文件中的数据。还可以使用json在python程序之间分享数据，与使用其他编程语言的人分享。

1. 使用json.dump( )和json.load( )import json

numbers = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]

filename = 'number.json'

with open(filename, 'w') as f_ojb: # 以写入模式打开文件

json.dump(numbers, f_ojb) # 使用函数json.dump()将列表存储到文件中

with open(filename) as f_ojb:

nums = json.load(f_ojb) # 使用函数json.load()将这个列表读取到内存中

print(nums) # 打印读取到内存中的列表，比较是否与存入的列表相同

运行结果：[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]

2. 保存和读取用户生成的数据import json

# 存储用户的名字

username = input('What is your name? ')

filename = 'username.json'

with open(filename, 'w') as f_obj:

json.dump(username, f_obj) # 存储用户名与username.json文件中

print("We'll remember you when you come back, " + username + "!")

# 向名字被存储的用户发出问候

with open(filename) as f_obj:

un = json.load(f_obj)

print("\nWelcome back, " + un + "!")

运行结果：What is your name? ela

We'll remember you when you come back, ela!

Welcome back, ela!

优化上述代码：import json

# 存储用户的名字

username = input('What is your name? ')

filename = 'username.json'

with open(filename, 'w') as f_obj:

json.dump(username, f_obj) # 存储用户名与username.json文件中

print("We'll remember you when you come back, " + username + "!")

# 向名字被存储的用户发出问候

with open(filename) as f_obj:

un = json.load(f_obj)

print("\nWelcome back, " + un + "!")

运行结果：What is your name? ela

We'll remember you when you come back, ela!

Welcome back, ela!

优化上述代码：import json

# 若存储了用户名就加载；否则提示用户输入并存储

filename = 'username.json'

try:

with open(filename) as f_obj:

username = json.load(f_obj)

except FileNotFoundError:

username = input('What is your name? ')

with open(filename, 'w') as f_obj:

json.dump(username, f_obj)

print("We'll remember you when you come back, " + username + "!")

else:

print("\nWelcome back, " + username + "!")

运行结果：Welcome back, ela!

3. 重构

代码可以运行，但也可以做进一步改进——将代码划分成一些列完成具体工作的函数：这个过程称为重构。

目的：让代码更清晰、易于理解、易扩展。import json

def get_stored_username():

"""如果存储了用户名，就获取它"""

filename = 'username.json'

try:

with open(filename) as f_obj:

username = json.load(f_obj)

except FileNotFoundError:

return None

else:

return username

def get_new_username():

"""提示用户输入用户名"""

username = input('What is your name? ')

filename = "username.json"

with open(filename, 'w') as f_obj:

json.dump(username, f_obj)

return username

def greet_user():

"""问候用户，并指出其名字"""

username = get_stored_username()

if username:

print("Welcome back, " + username + "!")

else:

username = get_new_username()

print("We'll remember you when you come back, " + username + "!")

greet_user()