python牛顿迭代法求根例题_Python实例：Newton法求解单变量方程的根

#coding:utf-8

'''

Newton法求解方程的根

'''

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

from pylab import mpl

mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['FangSong'] # 指定默认字体

mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题

import numpy as np

import sympy

f = lambda x : np.exp(x) - 2

tol = 0.1

xk = 2

s_x = sympy.symbols('x')

s_f = sympy.exp(s_x) - 2

f = lambda x : sympy.lambdify(s_x,s_f,'numpy')(x)

fp = lambda x : sympy.lambdify(s_x,sympy.diff(s_f,s_x),'numpy')(x)

# 可视化方程求解过程

x = np.linspace(-2.1,2.1,1000)

fig,ax = plt.subplots(1,1,figsize = (12,4))

ax.plot(x,f(x))

ax.axhline(0,ls=':',color='k')

n = 0

while f(xk) > tol:

xk_new = xk - f(xk) / fp(xk)

ax.plot([xk, xk], [0, f(xk)], color='k', ls=':')

ax.plot(xk,f(xk),'ko')

ax.text(xk,-0.5,r'$x_%d$' % n,ha='center')

ax.plot([xk,xk_new],[f(xk),0],'k-')

xk = xk_new

n += 1

ax.plot(xk,f(xk),'r*',markersize=15)

ax.annotate("Root approximately at %.3f" % xk,

fontsize=14,family='serif',

xy = (xk,f(xk)),xycoords='data',

xytext=(-150,+50),textcoords='offset points',

arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3,rad=-0.5'))

ax.set_title('Newton method')

ax.set_xticks([-1,0,1,2])

plt.show()