稍微总结一下,否则总是忘。
1.x = 'abc'
2.def fetcher(obj, index):
3. return obj[index]
4.
5.fetcher(x, 4)
输出:
1. File "test.py", line 6, in
2. fetcher(x, 4)
3. File "test.py", line 4, in fetcher
4. return obj[index]
5.IndexError: string index out of range
捕获列表列出的异常,进行处理。若except后无任何参数,则捕获所有异常。
1.def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. except:
5. print "got exception"
第一: try不仅捕获异常,而且会恢复执行
1.def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. except:
5. print "got exception"
6. print "continuing"
输出:
1.got exception
2.continuing
第二:无论try是否发生异常,finally总会执行
1.def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. finally:
5. print 'after fecth'
输出:
1.after fecth
2.Traceback (most recent call last):
3. File "test.py", line 55, in
4. catcher()
5. File "test.py", line 12, in catcher
6. fetcher(x, 4)
7. File "test.py", line 4, in fetcher
8. return obj[index]
9.IndexError: string index out of range
第三:try无异常,才会执行else
1.def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. except:
5. print "got exception"
6. else:
7. print "not exception"
输出:
1.got exception
1.def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 2)
4. except:
5. print "got exception"
6. else:
7. print "not exception"
输出:
1.not exception
else作用:没有else语句,当执行完try语句后,无法知道是没有发生异常,还是发生了异常并被处理过了。通过else可以清楚的区分开。
第四:利用raise传递异常
1.def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. except:
5. print "got exception"
6. raise
输出:
1.got exception
2.Traceback (most recent call last):
3. File "test.py", line 37, in
4. catcher()
5. File "test.py", line 22, in catcher
6. fetcher(x, 4)
7. File "test.py", line 4, in fetcher
8. return obj[index]
9.IndexError: string index out of range
raise语句不包括异常名称或额外资料时,会重新引发当前异常。如果希望捕获处理一个异常,而又不希望
异常在程序代码中消失,可以通过raise重新引发该异常。
第五:except(name1, name2)
1.def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. except(TypeError, IndexError):
5. print "got exception"
6. else:
7. print "not exception"
捕获列表列出的异常,进行处理。若except后无任何参数,则捕获所有异常。
1.def catcher():
2. try:
3. fetcher(x, 4)
4. except:
5. print "got exception"
第六:异常和sys模块
另一种获取异常信息的途径是通过sys模块中的exc_info()函数。该函数回返回一个三元组异常类,异常类的实例,跟中记录对象)
1.>>> try:
2.... 1/0
3.... except:
4.... import sys
5.... tuple = sys.exc_info()
6....
7.>>> print tuple
8.(, ZeroDivisionError('integer division or modulo by zero',), )
9.>>> for i in tuple:
10.... print i
11....
12. #异常类
13.integer division or modulo by zero #异常类的实例
14. #跟踪记录对象