oracle游标详解 视频,ORACLE游标实例讲解

一.使用游标

1.当在PL/SQL块中执行查询语句SELECT和数据操纵语句DML时,ORACLE会为其分配上下文区(CONTEXT

AREA),游标指上下文区指针

对于数据操纵语句和单行SELECT

INTO语句来说,ORACLE会为他们分配隐含游标.

使用显示游标处理多行数据,也可使用SELECT..BULK COLLECT INTO

语句处理多行数据.

1.显示游标

定义游标

cursor

cursor_name is select_statement;

2.打开游标:执行对应的SELECT语句并将SELECT语句的结果暂时存放到结果集中.

open

cursor_name;

3.提取数据

打开游标后,SELECT语句的结果被临时存放到游标结果集中,使用FETCH语句只能提取一行数据

通过使用FETCH..BULK COLLECT INTO语句每次可以提取多行数据

fetch

cursor_name into variable1,varibale2,...;

fetch

cursor_name bulk collect into collect1,collect2,...[limit

rows];

4.关闭游标

close

cursor_name;

9.2显示游标属性

用于返回显示游标的执行信息,包括%isopen,%found,%notfound,%rowcount

1.%isopen:确定游标是否打开

if cl%isopen then ... else open c1; end if;

2.%found:检查是否从结果集中提取到了数据

loop

fetch c1 into var1,var2;

if c2%found then ... else exit;

end

loop;

3.%notfound

loop

fetch c1 into var1,var2;

exit when c2%notfound;

...

end

loop;

4.%rowcount:返回当前行为止已经提取到的实际行数

loop

fetch c1 into my_ename,my_deptno;

if c1%rowcount>10 then

...

end if;

...

end

loop;

9.3显示游标使用示例

1.在显示游标中使用fetch..into语句:只能处理一行数据,除非用循环语句

declare

cursor

emp_cursor is select ename,sal from emp where deptno=10;

v_ename

emp.ename%type;

v_sal

emp.sal%type;

begin

open

emp_cursor;

loop

fetch emp_cursor into v_ename,v_sal;

exit when emp_cursor%notfound;

dbms_output.put_line(v_ename||': '||v_sal);

end loop;

close emp_cursor;

end;

2.在显示游标中,使用FETCH..BALK COLLECT INTO语句提取所有数据

declare

cursor emp_cursor is select

ename from emp where deptno=10;

type

ename_table_type is table of varchar2(10);

ename_table

ename_table_type;

begin

open

emp_cursor;

fetch

emp_cursor bulk collect into ename_table;

for i in

1..ename_table.count loop

dbms_output.put_line(ename_table(i));

end

loop;

close

emp_cursor;

end;

3.在显示游标中使用FETCH..BULK COLLECT INTO ..LIMIT语句提取部分数据

declare

type

name_array_type is varray(5) of varchar2(10);

name_array

name_array_type;

cursor

emp_cursor is select ename from emp;

rows

int:=5;

v_count

int:=0;

begin

open

emp_cursor;

loop

fetch emp_cursor bulk collect into name_array limit rows;

dbms_output.pur('雇员名');

for i in 1..(emp_currsor%rowcount-v_count) loop

dbms_output.put(name_array(i)||' ');

end loop;

dbms_output.new_line;

v_count:=emp_cursor%rowcount;

exit when emp_cursor%notfound;

end

loop;

close

emp_cursor;

end;

4.使用游标属性

declare

cursor

emp_cursor is select ename from emp where deptno=10;

type

ename_table_type is table of

varchar2(10);

ename_table

ename_table_type;

begin

if not

emp_cursor%isopen then

open emp_cursor;

end if;

fetch

emp_cursor bulk collect into ename_table;

dbms_output.put_line('提取的总计行数:'||emp_cursor%rowcount);

close

emp_cursor;

end;

5.基于游标定义记录变量

declare

cursor

emp_cursor is select ename,sal from emp;

emp_record

emp_cursor%rowtype;

begin

open

emp_cursor;

loop

fetch emp_cursor into emp_record;

exit when emp_cursor%notfound;

dbms_output.put_line('雇员名:'||emp_record.ename||',雇员工资:'||emp_record.sal);

end

loop;

end;

9.4参数游标

定义参数游标时,游标参数只能指定数据类型,而不能指定长度.

cursor

cursor_name(parameter_name datatype) is select_statment;

declare

cursor

emp_cursor(no number) is select ename from emp where deptno=no;

v_ename

emp.ename%type;

begin

open

emp_cursor(10);

loop

fetch emp_cursor into v_ename;

exit when emp_cursor%notfound;

dbms_output.put_line(v_ename);

end

loop;

close

emp_cursor;

end;

9.5使用游标更新或删除数据

要通过游标更新或删除数据,在定义游标时必须要带有FOR UPDATE子句

cursor

cursor_name(parameter_name datetype) is select_statement for update

[of column_reference] [nowait];

for

update子句用于在游标结果集数据上家行共享锁,防止其他用户在相应行执行DML操作

of子句确定哪些表要加锁,没有OF子句,则在所引用的全部表上加锁

nowait子句用于指定不等待锁

必须在UPDATE后DELETE语句中引用WHERE CURRENT OF子句

update table_name

set column=.. where current of cursor_name;

delete table_name

where current of cursor_name;

1.使用游标更新数据

declare

cursor

emp_cursor is select ename,sal from emp for update;

v_ename

emp.ename%type;

v_sal

emp.sal%tyep;

begin

open

emp_cursor;

loop

fetch emp_cursor into v_ename,v_oldsal;

exit when emp_cursor%notfound;

if v_oldsal<2000 then

update emp set sal=sal+100 where current of emp_cursor;

end if;

end loop;

close

emp_cursor;

end;

2.使用游标删除数据

declare

cursor

emp_cursor is select ename,sal,deptno from emp for update;

v_ename

emp.ename%type;

v_oldsal

emp.sal%type;

v_deptno

emp.deptno%type;

begin

open

emp_cursor;

loop

fetch emp_cursor into v_ename,v_oldsal,v_deptno;

exit when emp_cursor%notfound;

if v_deptno=30 then

delete from emp where current of emp_cursor;

end if;

end

loop;

close

emp_cursor;

end;

3.使用OF子句在特定表上加行共享锁

declare

cursor

emp_cursor is select ename,sal,dname,emp.deptno from emp,dept where

emp.deptno=dept.deptno

for update

of emp.deptno;

emp_record

emp_cursor%type;

begin

open

emp_cursor;

loop

fetch emp_cursor into emp_record;

exit when emp_cursor%notfound;

if emp_record.deptno=30 then

update emp set sal=sal+100 where current of emp_cursor;

end if;

dbms_output.put_line('雇员名:'||emp_record.ename||',工资:'||emp_record.sal||',部门名:'||emp_record.dname);

end

loop;

close

emp_cursor;

end;

4.使用nowait子句

通过在FOR

UPDATE子句中指定NOWAIT语句,可以避免等待锁.若已经被作用行加锁,则提示错误信息

declare

cursor

emp_cursor is select ename,sal from emp for update nowait;

v_ename

emp.ename%type;

v_oldsal

emp.sal%type;

begin

open

emp_cursor;

loop

fetch emp_cursor into v_ename,v_sal;

exit when emp_cursor%notfound;

if v_oldsal<2000 then

update emp set sal=sal+100 where current of emp_cursor;

end if;

end

loop;

close

emp_cursor;

end;

9.6游标FOR循环

使用FOR循环时,ORACLE会隐含的打开游标,提取游标数据并关闭游标

for record_name in

cursor_name loop

statement1;

statement2;

...

end loop;

每循环一次提取一次数据，在提取了所有数据后,自动退出循环并隐含的关闭游标

1.使用游标FOR循环

declare

cursor

emp_cursor is select ename,sal from emp;

begin

for

emp_record in emp_cursor loop

dbms_output.put_line('第'||emp_curosr%rowcount||'个雇员:

'||emp_record.ename);

end

loop;

end;

2.在游标FOR循环中直接使用子查询

begin

for

emp_record in (select ename,sal from emp) loop

dbms_output.put_line(emp_record.ename);

end

loop;

end;

9.7使用游标变量

PL/SQL的游标变量中存放着指向内存地址的指针.

1.游标变量使用步骤

包括定义游标变量,打开游标,提取游标数据,关闭游标等四个阶段

1.1定义ref

cursor类型和游标变量

type ref_type_name

is ref cursor [return return_type];

cursor_varibale

ref_type_name;

当指定RETURN子句时,其数据类型必须是记录类型,不能在包内定义游标变量

1.2打开游标

open cursor_variable

for select_statement;

1.3提取游标数据

fetch

cursor_varibale into variable1,variable2,...;

fetch

cursor_varibale bulk collect into collect1,collect2,...[limit

rows]

1.4关闭游标变量

close

cursor_varibale;

2.游标变量使用示例

2.1在定义FEF

CURSOR类型时不指定RETURN子句

在打开游标时可以指定任何的SELECT语句

declare

type

emp_cursor_type is ref cursor;

emp_cursor

emp_cursor_type;

emp_record

emp%rowtype;

begin

open

emp_cursor for select * from emp where deptno=10;

loop

fetch emp_cursor into emp_record;

exit when emp_cursor%notfound;

dbms_output.put_line('第'||emp_curosr%rowcount||'个雇员:

'||emp_record.ename);

end

loop;

close

emp_cursor;

end;

2.2在定义REF

CURSOR类型时指定RETURN子句

在打开游标时SELECT语句的返回结果必须与RETURN子句所指定的记录类型相匹配.

declare

type

emp_record_type is record(name varchar2(10),salary

number(6,2));

type

emp_cursor_type is ref cursor return emp_record_type;

emp_cursor

emp_cursor_type;

emp_record

emp_record_type;

begin

open

emp_cursor for select ename,sal from emp where deptno=20;

loop

fetch emp_cursor into emp_record;

exit when emp_cursor%notfound;

dbms_output.put_line('第'||emp_curosr%rowcount||'个雇员:

'||emp_record.ename);

end

loop;

close

emp_cursor;

end;

9.7使用CURSOR表达式

CURSOR表达式用于返回嵌套游标

结果集不仅可以包含普通数据,而且允许包含嵌套游标的数据

cursor(subquery)

declare

type

refcursor is ref cursor;

cursor

dept_cursor(no number) is select a.dname,cursor(select ename,sal

from emp where deptno=a.deptno)

from dept a

where a.deptno=no;

empcur

refcursor;

v_dname

dept.dname%type;

v_ename

emp.ename%type;

v_sal

emp.sal%type;

begin

open

dept_cursor(&no);

loop

fetch dept_cursor into v_danme,empcur;

exit when dept_cursor%notfound;

dbms_output.put_line('部门名:'||v_dname);

loop

fetch empcur into v_ename,v_sal;

exit when empcur%notfound;

dbms_output.put_line('雇员名:'||v_ename||',工资:'||v_sal);

end loop;

end

loop;

close

dept_cursor;

end;