一、安装mysql
Centos6环境下安装MySQL数据库:
Centos6默认yum安装mysql 5.1,我们可以自己配置通过yum安装5.6或者其他版本。
1、查看系统里面有没有mysql 的repo
[root@mini ~]#yum repolist all | grep mysql
2、如果没有发现,则需要配置repo
只能有一个是 enabled=1的,其他的都得enabled=0。
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
输入如下内容
[mysql-connectors-community]
name=MySQL Connectors Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[mysql-tools-community]
name=MySQL Tools Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
# Enable to use MySQL 5.5
[mysql55-community]
name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
# Enable to use MySQL 5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
# Note: MySQL 5.7 is currently in development. For use at your own risk.
# Please read with sub pages: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/
[mysql57-community-dmr]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server Development Milestone Release
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
3. 再看看是否存在 MySQL 的 repo
yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
可以看到已经有了。
4. 签名
vi /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
写入如下内容
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.9 (SunOS)
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=443I
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
5. 安装
yum install mysql-community-server -y
6. 启动
service mysqld start
(MySQL6.6安装完成后,自动设置成了开机启动服务。刚安装完的MySQL数据库密码为null,直接mysql –u root –p回车连接)
7、查看mysql服务是否开机自启:
[root@mini ~]#chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
8、将mysql服务设置成开机自启:
[root@mini ~]#chkconfig mysqld on
9、查看mysql服务是否成功开机自启:
[root@mini ~]#chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
10、启动mysql服务:
[root@mini ~]# service mysqld start
11、为mysql的root用户设置密码:
[root@mini ~]#mysqladmin -u root password '密码'
12、登录mysql数据库:
[root@mini ~]# mysql -u root -p
13、修改外部工具连接权限:
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '密码' with grant option;
14、退出数据库:
mysql> exit;
15、修改MySQL的默认的配置
1)查看MySQL字符集
[root@centos ~]# mysql -u root –p
mysql> show variables like 'chara%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2)通过修改配置文件设置 MySQL 字符集为 UTF-8,将 my-default.cnf 配置文件复制到 /etc 下的 my.cnf 文件中
cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
配置文件vi /etc/my.cnf,在相应位置,增加以下内容:
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
查看配置
mysql> show variables like 'chara%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3) MySQL在Linux下数据库名、表名、列名、别名大小写规则是这样的:
1、数据库名与表名是严格区分大小写的;
2、表的别名是严格区分大小写的;
3、列名与列的别名在所有的情况下均是忽略大小写的;
4、变量名也是严格区分大小写的; MySQL在Windows下都不区分大小写
查看大小写区分
mysql> show variables like '%case%';
+------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------+-------+
| lower_case_file_system | OFF |
| lower_case_table_names | 0 |
+------------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
修改配置,在my.cnf 文件的[mysqld] 添加配置
lower_case_table_names =1 # 其中 0:区分大小写,1:不区分大小写
16、重新启动mysql服务:
[root@mini ~]# service mysqld restart
17、为MySQL服务开启3306端口并重启iptables:
[root@mini ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
在文件中间添加一项:
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
粘贴完成后 按键esc 完成编辑:wq 保存并且退出
[root@mini ~]# service iptables restart
二、MySQ的增删改查
一、MySQL数据库操作
进入mysql:cd / , cd "Program Files", cd MySQL ,cd "MySQL Server 5.5" ,cd bin
连接数据库:mysql - u root - p
修改root用户密码:set password=password('123456');
显示MySQL版本和当前日期:select version(),current_date;
创建数据库:create database dbname;
选择使用数据库:USE dbname (选择使用的数据库不用分号)
删除数据库:drop database dbname;
显示当前存在的数据库:show databases;
显示当前使用的数据库:select database();
显示当前数据库中存在的表:show tables;
二、配置:
配置文件位置为,安装目录下的my.ini
三、服务器的启动、停止、重启:
右击计算机-选择管理-服务,找到MySQL服务,右击,选择启动,停止
net start mysql
net stop mysql
四、常用的数据类型:
整数:int ;小数:decimal ;字符串:varchar; 日期:datetime
五、约束:
主键(primary key):唯一标识,不能重复,不可为空。
外键(foreign key):用来在两个表的数据建立连接,一个表的外键可以为空值。
非空(not null):NULL是空,不是0,也不是空字符串。
NULL:没有分配存储空间; 空字符串:已经分配了存储空间,但没存储东西。
唯一(unique):值不允许重复
六、数据库的创建、使用、修改:
创建数据库:打开Navicat,双击连接名,连接上服务器;鼠标右键点击连接名,选择新建数据库;
输入数据库名,字符集UTF-8 Unicode,排序规则选择utf8_general_ci;
使用数据库:鼠标右键点击数据库名,选择打开数据库;
修改数据库:鼠标右键点击数据库名,选择编辑数据库;可以改字符集和排序规则,数据库名不可改。
七、表的增删改查
创建表:create table 表名(字段名 类型 约束,字约束段名 类型 )
查看表描述信息:desc 表名
显示创建表时的语句:show create table 表名
修改表:Alter table 表名 add 字段名 数据类型 约束条件
表的重命名:Alter table 原表名 rename to 新表名;
更改字段名:Alter table 表名 change 原字段名 新字段名
更改字段类型:Alter table 表名 modify 字段名定义字段
删除字段:Alter table 表名 drop 字段名;
删除表的外键约束:Alter table 表名 drop foreign key 外键约束名
删除表:drop table 表名 或 drop table if exists 表名
查询表:select * from 表名
八、数据的增删改成
增加单行数据:insert into 表名 values(......)或 insert into 表名(字段1,字段2)values(值1,值2)
增加多行数据:insert into 表名 values(..),(..)或 insert into 表名(列1,列2)values(值1),(值2)
修改数据:update 表名 set 列1=值1,列2=值2 where 条件
删除数据:delete from 表名 where 条件
查询指定字段:select 列1,列2 from 表名
使用as给字段起别名
消除重复行:select distinct 列1,列2 from 表名;
九、条件
where语句:比较运算(=,>,
模糊查询(like,%表示多个任意字符,_表示一个任意字符)
范围查询:in 表示在一个非连续的范围内;between...and..表示在一个连续的范围内
空判断:判断空is null,判断非空 is not null,注意:null和''是不同的
十、排序、聚合函数、获取部分行、分页
select * from 表名 order by 列1 asc(默认升序)|desc(降序)
count(*)统计行数 ;max(列)求最大值;min(列)求最小值;sum(列)求和;avg(列)求此列的平均值
select * from 表名 limit start,count 从start开始,获取count条数据,start索引从0开始
select * from students limit(n-1)*m,m 显示第n页的数据
十一、多表查询、子查询、内连接、外连接(左连接、右连接)
多表查询 select e.name,e.age d.sal from emp e,dept d where e.no=d.no and sal>1000
子查询 select name,sex from (select * from emp where sal>1500)
内连接select e.name,e.age d.sal from emp e inner join dept d on e.no=d.no and sal>1000
左连接select e.name,e.age d.sal from emp e left join dept d on e.no=d.no and sal>1000
右连接select e.name,e.age d.sal from emp e right join dept d on e.no=d.no and sal>1000