python中的dict_Python中的dict

dict_lst = [

('字典的键必须可哈希',),

('字典的键重复覆盖',),

('字典可迭代')

('增',),

('删',),

('改',),

('查',),

('练习',),

]

字典的键必须可哈希

(PS: key-value查询效率高)

>>>dic = {[0]: 1}

TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'

字典的键重复覆盖

>>>dic = {'k': 1, 'k': 2, 'k': 3}

>>>dic

{'k': 3}

字典可迭代

>>>from collections import Iterable

>>>isinstance(dict(), Iterable)

True

增

>>>dic = {'k1': 1, 'k2': 2}

>>>dic['k3'] = [3, 4]

>>>dic

{'k1': 1, 'k2': 2, 'k3': [3, 4]}

>>>dic = {'k1': 1, 'k2': 2}

>>>'key existed' if 'k3' in dic else dic.setdefault('k3', 4)

4

>>>dic

{'k1': 1, 'k2': 2, 'k3': 4}

删

>>>dic = {'k1': 1, 'k2': 2, 'k3': 3}

>>>dic.pop('k1')

1

>>>dic

{'k2': 2, 'k3': 3}

>>>dic = {'k1': 1, 'k2': 2, 'k3': 3}

>>>dic.popitem()

('k3', 3)

>>>dic

{'k1': 1, 'k2': 2}

>>>dic.clear()

>>>dic

{}

>>>del dic

>>>dic

NameError: name 'dic' is not defined

改

>>>dic = {'k1': 1, 'k2': 2}

>>>dic['k1'] = 4

>>>dic

{'k1': 4, 'k2': 2}

>>>dic_1 = {'k1': 1, 'k2': 2}

>>>dic_2 = {'k3': 3}

>>>dic_2.update(dic_1)

>>>dic_2

{'k3': 3, 'k1': 1, 'k2': 2}

查

>>>dic = {'name': 'hopen', 'age': 1}

>>>for key in dic:

... 　　 key, dic[key]

...

('name', 'hopen')

('age', 1)

练习

更改字典的键

>>>dic = {'k1': 1, 'k2': 2}

>>>dic['k4'] = dic.pop('k1')

>>>dic

{'k2': 2, 'k4': 1}