三菱socket通信实例_继续！面试继续！Netty dubbo的通信方式

小小又去面试了，小小的生活继续，(^o^)/ 这次小小的技术方面有Netty，以及Dubbo的通信方式，对这两个点进行继续的复习和学习。

1. Netty

Netty 通过缓冲区实现。

WebSocket

为什么需要WebSocket

聊天室之前采用的是轮询，效率相当的慢，所以这里采用WebSocket，实现长连接通信。 WebSocket于是这样的诞生。

介绍

特点如下

1. 建立在TCP连接之上。
2. 与HTTP有较好的兼容性。
3. 数据格式轻量，性能开销小，消耗小。
4. 可以发送文本，可以发送二进制数据。
5. 没有同源限制，可以进行任意的通信。
6. 协议的标识符是ws。 网址如下 ws://example.com:80/some/path

示例

var ws = new WebSocket("wss://echo.websocket.org");ws.onopen = function(evt) {   console.log("Connection open ...");   ws.send("Hello WebSockets!");};ws.onmessage = function(evt) {  console.log( "Received Message: " + evt.data);  ws.close();};ws.onclose = function(evt) {  console.log("Connection closed.");};      

客户端的 API

新建实例

var ws = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:8080');

readyState属性返回实例对象的当前状态，共有四种。CONNECTING：值为0，表示正在连接。OPEN：值为1，表示连接成功，可以通信了。CLOSING：值为2，表示连接正在关闭。CLOSED：值为3，表示连接已经关闭，或者打开连接失败。

下面是一个实例

switch (ws.readyState) {  case WebSocket.CONNECTING:    // do something    break;  case WebSocket.OPEN:    // do something    break;  case WebSocket.CLOSING:    // do something    break;  case WebSocket.CLOSED:    // do something    break;  default:    // this never happens    break;}

webSocket.onopen实例对象的onopen属性，用于指定连接成功后的回调函数。ws.onopen = function () {  ws.send('Hello Server!');}如果要指定多个回调函数，可以使用addEventListener方法。ws.addEventListener('open', function (event) {  ws.send('Hello Server!');});

webSocket.onclose实例对象的onclose属性，用于指定连接关闭后的回调函数。ws.onclose = function(event) {  var code = event.code;  var reason = event.reason;  var wasClean = event.wasClean;  // handle close event};ws.addEventListener("close", function(event) {  var code = event.code;  var reason = event.reason;  var wasClean = event.wasClean;  // handle close event});

webSocket.onmessage实例对象的onmessage属性，用于指定收到服务器数据后的回调函数。ws.onmessage = function(event) {  var data = event.data;  // 处理数据};ws.addEventListener("message", function(event) {  var data = event.data;  // 处理数据});注意，服务器数据可能是文本，也可能是二进制数据(blob对象或Arraybuffer对象)。ws.onmessage = function(event){  if(typeof event.data === String) {    console.log("Received data string");  }  if(event.data instanceof ArrayBuffer){    var buffer = event.data;    console.log("Received arraybuffer");  }}除了动态判断收到的数据类型，也可以使用binaryType属性，显式指定收到的二进制数据类型。// 收到的是 blob 数据ws.binaryType = "blob";ws.onmessage = function(e) {  console.log(e.data.size);};// 收到的是 ArrayBuffer 数据ws.binaryType = "arraybuffer";ws.onmessage = function(e) {  console.log(e.data.byteLength);};4.6 webSocket.send()实例对象的send()方法用于向服务器发送数据。发送文本的例子。ws.send('your message');发送 Blob 对象的例子。var file = document  .querySelector('input[type="file"]')  .files[0];ws.send(file);发送 ArrayBuffer 对象的例子。// Sending canvas ImageData as ArrayBuffervar img = canvas_context.getImageData(0, 0, 400, 320);var binary = new Uint8Array(img.data.length);for (var i = 0; i < img.data.length; i++) {  binary[i] = img.data[i];}ws.send(binary.buffer);

webSocket.bufferedAmount实例对象的bufferedAmount属性，表示还有多少字节的二进制数据没有发送出去。它可以用来判断发送是否结束。var data = new ArrayBuffer(10000000);socket.send(data);if (socket.bufferedAmount === 0) {  // 发送完毕} else {  // 发送还没结束}

 webSocket.onerror实例对象的onerror属性，用于指定报错时的回调函数。socket.onerror = function(event) {  // handle error event};socket.addEventListener("error", function(event) {  // handle error event});

Netty的使用

新建工程，通过meaven导入Netty的库包

io.netty    netty-all    5.0.0.Alpha2

创建NettyServer

package com.jiutianbian.NettyTest;import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;public class NettyServer {    private int port;    public NettyServer(int port) {        this.port = port;        bind();    }    private void bind() {        EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();        EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();        try {            ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();            bootstrap.group(boss, worker);            bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);            bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024); // 连接数            bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true); // 不延迟，消息立即发送            bootstrap.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); // 长连接            bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {                @Override                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel)                        throws Exception {                    ChannelPipeline p = socketChannel.pipeline();                    p.addLast(new NettyServerHandler());// 添加NettyServerHandler，用来处理Server端接收和处理消息的逻辑                }            });            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();            if (channelFuture.isSuccess()) {                System.err.println("启动Netty服务成功，端口号：" + this.port);            }            // 关闭连接            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();        } catch (Exception e) {            System.err.println("启动Netty服务异常，异常信息：" + e.getMessage());            e.printStackTrace();        } finally {            boss.shutdownGracefully();            worker.shutdownGracefully();        }    }    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {        new NettyServer(10086);    }}

创建NettyServerHandler，用来接收和回复Client端的消息

package com.jiutianbian.NettyTest;import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;public class NettyServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {    @Override    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;        String recieved = getMessage(buf);        System.err.println("服务器接收到客户端消息：" + recieved);        try {            ctx.writeAndFlush(getSendByteBuf("你好，客户端"));            System.err.println("服务器回复消息：你好，客户端");        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    /*     * 从ByteBuf中获取信息 使用UTF-8编码返回     */    private String getMessage(ByteBuf buf) {        byte[] con = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];        buf.readBytes(con);        try {            return new String(con, "UTF8");        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {            e.printStackTrace();            return null;        }    }    private ByteBuf getSendByteBuf(String message)            throws UnsupportedEncodingException {        byte[] req = message.getBytes("UTF-8");        ByteBuf pingMessage = Unpooled.buffer();        pingMessage.writeBytes(req);        return pingMessage;    }}

启动Server端

Netty Client端1. 新建工程，通过meaven导入Netty的库包导入代码同上面的Server端代码2. 创建NettyClient新建NettyClient类package com.jiutianbian.NettyClinetTest;import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;public class NettyClient {    /*     * 服务器端口号     */    private int port;    /*     * 服务器IP     */    private String host;    public NettyClient(int port, String host) throws InterruptedException {        this.port = port;        this.host = host;        start();    }    private void start() throws InterruptedException {        EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();        try {            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();            bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);            bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);            bootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup);            bootstrap.remoteAddress(host, port);            bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer() {                @Override                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel)                        throws Exception {                    socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new NettyClientHandler());                }            });            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect(host, port).sync();            if (channelFuture.isSuccess()) {                System.err.println("连接服务器成功");            }            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();        } finally {            eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();        }    }    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {        new NettyClient(10086, "localhost");    }}

package com.jiutianbian.NettyClinetTest;import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;public class NettyClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {    private ByteBuf firstMessage;    @Override    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {        byte[] data = "你好，服务器".getBytes();        firstMessage = Unpooled.buffer();        firstMessage.writeBytes(data);        ctx.writeAndFlush(firstMessage);        System.err.println("客户端发送消息:你好，服务器");    }    @Override    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)            throws Exception {        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;        String rev = getMessage(buf);        System.err.println("客户端收到服务器消息:" + rev);    }    private String getMessage(ByteBuf buf) {        byte[] con = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];        buf.readBytes(con);        try {            return new String(con, "UTF8");        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {            e.printStackTrace();            return null;        }    }}

启动Client端

Server端日志输出，此时如下

Dubbo 通信

Dubbo通信，Dubbo 通信方式使用RPC的方式进行通信。