rect函数_作用域安全的构造函数

javascript中函数的5个高级技巧​mp.weixin.qq.com

作用域安全的构造函数

构造函数其实就是一个使用new操作符调用的函数

function Person(name,age,job){
    this.name=name;    
    this.age=age;    
    this.job=job;
}
var person=new Person('match',28,'Software Engineer');
console.log(person.name);//match

如果没有使用new操作符，原本针对Person对象的三个属性被添加到window对象

function Person(name, age, job) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.job = job;
}
var person = Person('match', 28, 'Software Engineer');
console.log(person); //undefinedconsole.log(window.name);//match

window的name属性是用来标识链接目标和框架的，这里对该属性的偶然覆盖可能会导致页面上的其它错误，这个问题的解决方法就是创建一个作用域安全的构造函数。

function Person(name, age, job) {
    if (this instanceof Person) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.job = job;
    } else {
        return new Person(name, age, job);
    }
}
var person = Person('match', 28, 'Software Engineer');
console.log(window.name); // ""
console.log(person.name); //'match'
var person= new Person('match',28,'Software Engineer');
console.log(window.name); // ""
console.log(person.name); //'match'

但是，对构造函数窃取模式的继承，会带来副作用。这是因为，下列代码中，this对象并非Polygon对象实例，所以构造函数Polygon()会创建并返回一个新的实例。

function Polygon(sides) {
    if (this instanceof Polygon) {
        this.sides = sides;
        this.getArea = function() {
            return 0;
        }
    } else {
        return new Polygon(sides);
    }
}
function Rectangle(wifth, height) {
    Polygon.call(this, 2);
    this.width = this.width;
    this.height = height;
    this.getArea = function() {
        return this.width * this.height;
    };
}
var rect = new Rectangle(5, 10);
console.log(rect.sides); //undefined

如果要使用作用域安全的构造函数窃取模式的话，需要结合原型链继承，重写Rectangle的prototype属性，使它的实例也变成Polygon的实例。

function Polygon(sides) {
    if (this instanceof Polygon) {
        this.sides = sides;
        this.getArea = function() {
            return 0;
        }
    } else {
        return new Polygon(sides);
    }
}
function Rectangle(wifth, height) {
    Polygon.call(this, 2);
    this.width = this.width;
    this.height = height;
    this.getArea = function() {
        return this.width * this.height;
    };
}
Rectangle.prototype = new Polygo