在字符设备驱动开发的入门教程中,最常见的就是用device_create()函数来创建设备节点了,但是在之后阅读内核源码的过程中却很少见device_create()的踪影了,取而代之的是device_register()与device_add(),将device_create()函数展开不难发现:其实device_create()只是device_register()的封装,而device_register()则是device_add()的封装。
struct device *device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent,
dev_t devt,void *drvdata, const char *fmt, ...)
{
......
dev= device_create_vargs(class, parent, devt, drvdata, fmt, vargs);
......returndev;
}
struct device *device_create_vargs(struct class *class, struct device *parent,
dev_t devt,void *drvdata, const char *fmt,
va_list args)
{
......
dev->devt =devt;
dev->class = class;
dev->parent =parent;
dev->release =device_create_release;
dev_set_drvdata(dev, drvdata);
......
retval=device_register(dev);
......
}
int device_register(struct device *dev)
{
device_initialize(dev);returndevice_add(dev);
}
加载驱动,执行device_add()函数,device_add()会在/sys目录对应设备目录下创建uevent属性节点,应用层的udev则会根据uevent来创建/dev目录下的设备节点,这里关于udev的部分不再赘述,我们继续分析device_create()、device_register()、device_add()三个函数在实际运用中的区别。 以一个简单的led设备字符设备驱动为例,下面分别用device_create()、device_register()、device_add()三个函数来创建设备节点“/dev/led”:
1. device_create()
static class *led_class;static int __init led_init(void)
{intret;
dev_t devno;struct cdev *cdev;struct dev *dev;/*注册设备号*/ret= alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 1, "led");if (ret < 0)returnret;/*分配、初始化、注册cdev*/cdev=cdev_alloc();if(IS_ERR(cdev)) {
ret=PTR_ERR(cdev);gotoout_unregister_devno;
}
cdev_init(&cdev, &led_fops);
cdev.owner=THIS_MODULE;
ret= cdev_add(&cdev, devno, 1);if(ret)gotoout_free_cdev;/*创建设备类*/led_class= class_create(THIS_MODULE, "led_class");if(IS_ERR(led_class)) {
ret=PTR_ERR(led_class);gotoout_unregister_cdev;
}/*创建设备节点*/dev= device_create(led_class, NULL, devno, NULL, "led");if(IS_ERR(dev)) {
ret=PTR_ERR(dev);gotoout_del_class;
}return 0;
out_del_class:
class_destroy(c78x_class);
out_unregister_cdev:
cdev_del(cdev);
out_free_cdev:
kfree(cdev);
out_unregister_devno:
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1);returnret;
}
module_init(led_init);
2. device_register()
static class *led_class;static int __init led_init(void)
{
....../*注册设备号*/....../*分配、初始化、注册cdev*/....../*创建设备类*/....../*创建设备节点*/dev= kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);if (!dev) {
ret= -ENOMEM;gotoout_del_class;
}
dev->class = led_class; //关联设备类
dev->parent =NULL;
dev->devt = devno; //关联设备号
dev_set_drvdata(dev, NULL);
dev_set_name(dev,"led"); //设置节点名字
dev->release =device_create_release;
ret=device_register(dev);if(ret)gotoout_put_dev;return 0;
out_put_dev:
put_device(dev);
kree(dev);
out_del_class:
class_destroy(c78x_class);
out_unregister_cdev:
cdev_del(cdev);
out_free_cdev:
kfree(cdev);
out_unregister_devno:
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1);returnret;
}
module_init(led_init);
3. device_add()
static class *led_class;static int __init led_init(void)
{
....../*注册设备号*/....../*分配、初始化、注册cdev*/....../*创建设备类*/....../*创建设备节点*/dev= kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);if (!dev) {
ret= -ENOMEM;gotoout_del_class;
}
dev->class = led_class; //关联设备类
dev->parent =NULL;
dev->devt = devno; //关联设备号
dev_set_drvdata(dev, NULL);
dev_set_name(dev,"led"); //设置节点名字
dev->release =device_create_release;
device_initialize(dev);
ret=device_add(dev);if(ret)gotoout_put_dev;return 0;
out_put_dev:
put_device(dev);
kree(dev);
out_del_class:
class_destroy(c78x_class);
out_unregister_cdev:
cdev_del(cdev);
out_free_cdev:
kfree(cdev);
out_unregister_devno:
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1);returnret;
}
module_init(led_init);