python定时任务是异步的吗_python异步实现定时任务和周期任务的方法

一. 如何调用

def f1(arg1, arg2):

print('f1', arg1, arg2)

def f2(arg1):

print('f2', arg1)

def f3():

print('f3')

def f4():

print('周期任务', int(time.time()))

timer = TaskTimer()

# 把任务加入任务队列

timer.join_task(f1, [1, 2], timing=15.5) # 每天15:30执行

timer.join_task(f2, [3], timing=14) # 每天14:00执行

timer.join_task(f3, [], timing=15) # 每天15:00执行

timer.join_task(f4, [], interval=10) # 每10秒执行1次

# 开始执行(此时才会创建线程)

timer.start()

f1~f4是我们需要定时执行的函数。

首先创建TaskTimer对象(TaskTimer的代码在下面)。调用join_task函数，把需要执行的函数加入到任务队列。最后调用start，任务就开始执行了。

join_task参数：

fun:需要执行的函数

arg:fun的参数，如果没有就传一个空列表

interval:如果有此参数，说明任务是周期任务，单位为秒(注意interval最少5秒)

timing:如果有此参数，说明任务是定时任务，单位为时

注意：interval和timing只能选填1个

二. 源码

import datetime

import time

from threading import Thread

from time import sleep

class TaskTimer:

__instance = None

def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):

"""

单例模式

"""

if not cls.__instance:

cls.__instance = object.__new__(cls)

return cls.__instance

def __init__(self):

if not hasattr(self, 'task_queue'):

setattr(self, 'task_queue', [])

if not hasattr(self, 'is_running'):

setattr(self, 'is_running', False)

def write_log(self, level, msg):

cur_time = datetime.datetime.now()

with open('./task.log', mode='a+', encoding='utf8') as file:

s = "[" + str(cur_time) + "][" + level + "] " + msg

print(s)

file.write(s + "\n")

def work(self):

"""

处理任务队列

"""

while True:

for task in self.task_queue:

if task['interval']:

self.cycle_task(task)

elif task['timing']:

self.timing_task(task)

sleep(5)

def cycle_task(self, task):

"""

周期任务

"""

if task['next_sec'] <= int(time.time()):

try:

task['fun'](*task['arg'])

self.write_log("正常", "周期任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 已执行")

except Exception as e:

self.write_log("异常", "周期任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 函数内部异常：" + str(e))

finally:

task['next_sec'] = int(time.time()) + task['interval']

def timing_task(self, task):

"""

定时任务

"""

# 今天已过秒数

today_sec = self.get_today_until_now()

# 到了第二天，就重置任务状态

if task['today'] != self.get_today():

task['today'] = self.get_today()

task['today_done'] = False

# 第一次执行

if task['first_work']:

if today_sec >= task['task_sec']:

task['today_done'] = True

task['first_work'] = False

else:

task['first_work'] = False

# 今天还没有执行

if not task['today_done']:

if today_sec >= task['task_sec']: # 到点了，开始执行任务

try:

task['fun'](*task['arg'])

self.write_log("正常", "定时任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 已执行")

except Exception as e:

self.write_log("异常", "定时任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 函数内部异常：" + str(e))

finally:

task['today_done'] = True

if task['first_work']:

task['first_work'] = False

def get_today_until_now(self):

"""

获取今天凌晨到现在的秒数

"""

i = datetime.datetime.now()

return i.hour * 3600 + i.minute * 60 + i.second

def get_today(self):

"""

获取今天的日期

"""

i = datetime.datetime.now()

return i.day

def join_task(self, fun, arg, interval=None, timing=None):

"""

interval和timing只能存在1个

:param fun: 你要调用的任务

:param arg: fun的参数

:param interval: 周期任务，单位秒

:param timing: 定时任务，取值：[0,24)

"""

# 参数校验

if (interval != None and timing != None) or (interval == None and timing == None):

raise Exception('interval和timing只能选填1个')

if timing and not 0 <= timing < 24:

raise Exception('timing的取值范围为[0,24)')

if interval and interval < 5:

raise Exception('interval最少为5')

# 封装一个task

task = {

'fun': fun,

'arg': arg,

'interval': interval,

'timing': timing,

}

# 封装周期或定时任务相应的参数

if timing:

task['task_sec'] = timing * 3600

task['today_done'] = False

task['first_work'] = True

task['today'] = self.get_today()

elif interval:

task['next_sec'] = int(time.time()) + interval

# 把task加入任务队列

self.task_queue.append(task)

self.write_log("正常", "新增任务：" + fun.__name__)

def start(self):

"""

开始执行任务

返回线程标识符

"""

if not self.is_running:

thread = Thread(target=self.work)

thread.start()

self.is_running = True

self.write_log("正常", "TaskTimer已开始运行！")

return thread.ident

self.write_log("警告", "TaskTimer已运行，请勿重复启动！")

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