mysql数据库拼接语句_巧用SQL拼接语句

前言：

在日常数据库运维过程中，可能经常会用到各种拼接语句，巧用拼接SQL可以让我们的工作方便很多，达到事半功倍的效果。本篇文章将会分享几个日常会用到的SQL拼接案例，类似的SQL还可以举一反三，探索出更多的可能性哦。

注意：适用于5.7版本，其他版本可能稍许不同。

1.CONCAT函数介绍

授人以鱼不如授人以渔，拼接SQL主要用到的是CONCAT函数，我们先来介绍下该函数的用法。

CONCAT(s1,s2...,sn) 是合并字符串函数，返回结果为连接参数产生的字符串，参数可以是一个或多个，若有任何一个参数为 NULL，则返回值为 NULL。当拼接字符串中有 ' 时，要用 \ 转义，貌似用两个单引号也行，不过还是推荐用 \ 转义，下面用几个示例来了解下CONCAT函数的用法。

mysql> SELECT CONCAT('MySQL','5.7'),CONCAT('MySQL',NULL),CONCAT('\'MySQL\'');

+-----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+

| CONCAT('MySQL','5.7') | CONCAT('MySQL',NULL) | CONCAT('\'MySQL\'') |

+-----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+

| MySQL5.7 | NULL | 'MySQL' |

+-----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+

简单介绍完CONCAT函数的使用方法后，下面分享几个用到SQL拼接的场景，也许在你工作中会用到哦。

2.拼接查询所有用户

SELECT DISTINCT

CONCAT(

'User: \'',

USER,

'\'@\'',

HOST,

'\';'

) AS QUERY

FROM

mysql.USER;

3.拼接创建用户的语句

# 有密码字符串 在其他实例执行 可直接创建出与本实例相同密码的用户

SELECT

CONCAT(

'create user \'',

user,

'\'@\'',

Host,

'\' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'',

authentication_string,

'\';'

) AS CreateUserQuery

FROM

mysql.`user`

WHERE

`User` NOT IN (

'root',

'mysql.session',

'mysql.sys'

);

# 这样拼接也可以 带有密码认证插件

SELECT

CONCAT(

'create user \'',

user,

'\'@\'',

Host,

'\' IDENTIFIED WITH \'',

plugin,

'\' AS \'',

authentication_string,

'\';'

) AS CreateUserQuery

FROM

mysql.`user`

WHERE

`User` NOT IN (

'root',

'mysql.session',

'mysql.sys'

);

4.拼接show grants语句查询用户权限

SELECT

CONCAT(

'show grants for \'',

user,

'\'@\'',

Host,

'\';'

) AS ShowGrants

FROM

mysql.`user`

WHERE

`User` NOT IN (

'root',

'mysql.session',

'mysql.sys'

);

5.拼接创建数据库语句

SELECT

CONCAT(

'create database if not exists ',

'`',

SCHEMA_NAME,

'`',

' DEFAULT CHARACTER SET ',

DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME,

';'

) AS CreateDatabaseQuery

FROM

information_schema.SCHEMATA

WHERE

SCHEMA_NAME NOT IN (

'information_schema',

'performance_schema',

'mysql',

'sys'

);

6.拼接DROP table

SELECT

CONCAT(

'DROP table ',

TABLE_NAME,

';'

)

FROM

information_schema.TABLES

WHERE

TABLE_SCHEMA = 'testdb' and TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE';

7.拼接kill连接

# 可以组合改变条件

SELECT

concat( 'KILL ', id, ';' )

FROM

information_schema.PROCESSLIST

WHERE

STATE LIKE 'Sending data';

SELECT

concat( 'KILL ', id, ';' )

FROM

information_schema.`PROCESSLIST`

WHERE

Command = 'Sleep'

AND TIME > 2000;

8.查看数据库大小

# 查看整个实例大小

SELECT

concat( round( sum( data_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS data_length_MB,

concat( round( sum( index_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_length_MB

FROM

information_schema.TABLES;

# 查看各个库大小

SELECT

TABLE_SCHEMA,

concat( TRUNCATE ( sum( data_length )/ 1024 / 1024, 2 ), ' MB' ) AS data_size,

concat( TRUNCATE ( sum( index_length )/ 1024 / 1024, 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_size

FROM

information_schema.TABLES

GROUP BY

TABLE_SCHEMA

ORDER BY

data_length DESC;

9.查找表碎片

SELECT t.TABLE_SCHEMA,

t.TABLE_NAME,

t.TABLE_ROWS,

concat(round(t.DATA_LENGTH / 1024 / 1024, 2), 'M') AS size,

t.INDEX_LENGTH,

concat(round(t.DATA_FREE / 1024 / 1024, 2), 'M') AS datafree

FROM information_schema.tables t

WHERE t.TABLE_SCHEMA = 'testdb' order by DATA_LENGTH desc;

10.查找无主键表及增加自增ID作为主键

# 查找出无主键的表

SELECT

t1.table_schema,

t1.table_name

FROM

information_schema.TABLES t1

LEFT OUTER JOIN information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS t2 ON t1.table_schema = t2.TABLE_SCHEMA

AND t1.table_name = t2.TABLE_NAME

AND t2.CONSTRAINT_NAME IN ('PRIMARY')

WHERE

t2.table_name IS NULL

AND t1.TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN (

'information_schema',

'performance_schema',

'mysql',

'sys'

) ;

# 拼接出增加自增ID作为主键的SQL

SELECT

CONCAT('ALTER TABLE ',t1.table_schema,'.',t1.table_name,' ADD COLUMN increment_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL auto_increment COMMENT \'自增主键\' PRIMARY KEY FIRST;')

FROM

information_schema.TABLES t1

LEFT OUTER JOIN information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS t2 ON t1.table_schema = t2.TABLE_SCHEMA

AND t1.table_name = t2.TABLE_NAME

AND t2.CONSTRAINT_NAME IN ('PRIMARY')

WHERE

t2.table_name IS NULL

AND t1.table_type = 'BASE TABLE'

AND t1.TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN (

'information_schema',

'performance_schema',

'mysql',

'sys'

) ;

11.查找大写表及转为小写表

# 若lower_case_table_names=0可能导致表名既有大写又有小写，

# 想将lower_case_table_names设为1的话 需要先将大写的表和视图名称改为小写的。

# 查找出名称为大写的表和视图

SELECT

TABLE_SCHEMA,

TABLE_NAME,

TABLE_TYPE

FROM

information_schema.`TABLES`

WHERE

TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN ( 'information_schema', 'sys', 'mysql', 'performance_schema' )

AND TABLE_NAME REGEXP BINARY '[A-Z]';

# 拼接出大写表名改为小写的SQL

SELECT

CONCAT( 'rename table ', TABLE_SCHEMA, '.', TABLE_NAME, ' to ', TABLE_SCHEMA, '.', LOWER( TABLE_NAME ), ';' )

FROM

information_schema.`TABLES`

WHERE

TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN ( 'information_schema', 'sys', 'mysql', 'performance_schema' )

AND TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'

AND TABLE_NAME REGEXP BINARY '[A-Z]';