python实用工具_python 实用工具状态机transitions

说明

1. 状态机是一个非常实用的理论。在涉及到复杂的场景，建立状态机模型，能带来极大的方便。比如，网络连接、模型状态、业务逻辑。

2. 状态机并不复杂, 重要的是它的思想，能够极大减轻复杂度。使用时关键在于定义好事件和动作。

基本概念

state: 状态

event: 事件. 事件触发状态变换

action: 动作. event发生前或后执行的动作

transition: 变换. 状态变换

github

安装

pip install transitions

简单示例

# 连接协议状态机

from transitions.extensions import hierarchicalmachine as machine

from transitions.extensions.nesting import nestedstate

class connectionstatemachine:

"""connection state machine."""

def __init__(self, callbacks=none):

"""

:param callbacks: callbacks for the state machine

"""

self.callbacks = {}

# 定义状态

self.states = ["state_not_connected",

{

'name': "state_connected",   # 状态名

'on_enter': self._on_enter_connected,  # 进入状态触发

'on_exit': self._on_exit_connected,    # 退出状态触发

'children': [     # 状态嵌套

"state_not_selected",

{

'name': "state_selected",

'on_enter': self._on_enter_connected_selected

}

]

}]

# transition 1

self.machine = machine(model=self, states=self.states, initial="state_not_connected", auto_transitions=false)

if callbacks:

self.callbacks = callbacks

# 定义状态变换

self.machine.add_transition('connect', "state_not_connected", "state_connected_not_selected")  # transition 2

self.machine.add_transition('disconnect', "state_connected", "state_not_connected")  # transition 3

self.machine.add_transition('select', "state_connected_not_selected", "state_connected_selected")  # transition 4

self.machine.add_transition('deselect', "state_connected_selected", "state_connected_not_selected")  # transition 5

self.machine.add_transition('timeoutt7', "state_connected_not_selected", "state_not_connected")  # transition 6

# 事件触发的动作

def _on_enter_connected(self):

if "on_enter_connected" in self.callbacks:

self.callbacks["on_enter_connected"]()

def _on_exit_connected(self):

if "on_exit_connected" in self.callbacks:

self.callbacks["on_exit_connected"]()

def _on_enter_connected_selected(self):

if "on_enter_connected_selected" in self.callbacks:

self.callbacks["on_enter_connected_selected"]()

定义状态机

# 一般都是两种：不嵌套、嵌套

from transitions import machine   #不嵌套

from transitions.extensions import hierarchicalmachine as machine # 嵌套

# 检查状态

machine.state

machine.is_()

定义状态

# 状态可以是三种类型: 对象、字符串、字典

from transitions import state

states = [

state(name="solid"),    # 对象

"liquid",               # 字符串

{"name": "gas"}         # 字典

]

定义变换

# 定义函数

machine.add_transition(trigger, source, dest, )

trigger(str)         方法名,触发状态转换

source(str or list)  源状态

dest(str)            目标状态

# 加上变换

machine.add_transition(trigger="wake_up", source="asleep", dest="hanging out")

machine.add_transition('work_out', 'hanging out', 'hungry')

machine.add_transition('nap', '*', 'asleep')   # 从任意状态变为asleep

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