java 克隆 integer_java基础——浅克隆与深克隆

为什么使用clone

存在一个对象A，A已有初始值，这时候可能需要一个新的对象B和A相同，但是A和B是两个独立的对象，任意一个改动都不影响其中一个的值，但是B的初始值由A确定，这时候clone就是最有效也是最简单的方法。

new一个对象和clone一个对象的区别

new操作符的本意是分配内存空间，java程序执行到new操作符时，首先去看new操作符后面的类型，知道类型才能知道需要分配多大的内存空间，分配完成，调用构造函数，填充对象，完成对象的初始化。

clone的第一步也是分配内存，java程序执行到clone这一步时，分配的内存和调用clone方法的对象相同，在根据原对象完成对新对象的初始化，一个新的对象就被创建完成。

复制对象和克隆对象

需要克隆的对象要继承Cloneable接口，并重写clone()方法

复制对象

定义类：

public class People1 {

private String name;

private Integer age;

public People1(String name, Integer age) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

}

复制测试

public class test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

People1 people1 = new People1("people",18);

People1 people11 = people1;

System.out.println(people1);

System.out.println(people11);

System.out.println(people1 == people11);

}

}

结果：

证明复制对象只是指向原来的对象，people1和people11只是引用同一个对象

clone对象

定义类：

public class People2 implements Cloneable{

private String name;

private Integer age;

public People2(String name, Integer age) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public Integer getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public void setAge(Integer age) {

this.age = age;

}

@Override

protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {

return super.clone();

}

}

测试：

public class test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

//clone

People2 people2 = new People2("people",18);

People2 people22 = null;

try {

people22 = (People2) people2.clone();

} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

System.out.println(people2);

System.out.println(people22);

System.out.println(people2 == people22);

}

}

结果：

可以看出people2和people22指向的对象并不是同一个的

浅克隆与深克隆

定义类：

Student类：

public class Student implements Cloneable{

private String name;

private Integer age;

private Teacher teacher;

public Student(String name, Integer age,Teacher teacher) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

this.teacher = teacher;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public Integer getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(Integer age) {

this.age = age;

}

public Teacher getTeacher() {

return teacher;

}

public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {

this.teacher = teacher;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "学生： name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ",指导" + teacher;

}

@Override

protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {

return super.clone();

}

}

Teacher类

public class Teacher {

private String name;

private Integer age;

public Teacher(String name, Integer age) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public Integer getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(Integer age) {

this.age = age;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "老师：name=" + name + ", age=" + age ;

}

}

浅克隆

main函数

public class test2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Teacher teacher = new Teacher("刘老师",18);

Student student1 = new Student("小明",10,teacher);

Student student2 = null;

try {

student2 = (Student) student1.clone();

} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

Teacher t1 = student2.getTeacher();

t1.setName("张老师");

t1.setAge(30);

student2.setName("小红");

student2.setAge(9);

student2.setTeacher(t1);

System.out.println(student1);

System.out.println(student2);

}

}

结果：

修改student2中的Teacher类，student1也跟着改变，而修改姓名和年龄并不会修改，由此得出才重新clone方法时不能直接super

深克隆

Teacher继承Cloneable

Student重写clone方法

Student newStudent = (Student) super.clone();

newStudent.teacher = (Teacher) teacher.clone();

return newStudent;

运行上方测试代码，结果：

完成预想结果