mysql soci_介绍一个针对C++程序的MySQL访问库soci

后来有幸在php中找到codeigniter的ActiveReord，详细参考这篇文章: 抽离CodeIgniter的数据库访问类！

然而c++却始终用着最原始的方式，昨天趁着项目要用的机会，在网上搜索了好久，总算让我找到两套c++的数据库访问框架:

soci

litesql

两套代码我都拿下来看了一下，litesql实现了一套完整的代码自动生成，功能强大，但是也很重；soci相对要轻量，但是同样也实现了数据结构到数据库表的映射 。本人还是比较喜欢轻量的东西，所以最终选择了soci 。经过这两天的试用，感觉非常不错 。

官方的文档也很详细，所以这里就用我写的单元测试代码来做一下简单的讲解:

首先创建库表:

create database soci;

CREATE TABLE `tb_test` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,

`name` varchar(32) default "",

`sex` int(11) default 0,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`)

);

create database soci;

CREATE TABLE `tb_test` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,

`name` varchar(32) default "",

`sex` int(11) default 0,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`)

);

1.简单的select单条记录

TEST(soci,select_one)

{

try

{

session sql(mysql, "host=localhost db=soci user=dantezhu");

indicator ind;

string name = "dandan";

int sex;

sql << "select sex from tb_test where name = :name",

into(sex, ind), use(name);

ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name;

}

catch (exception const &e)

{

FAIL()<

}

}

TEST(soci,select_one)

{

try

{

session sql(mysql, "host=localhost db=soci user=dantezhu");

indicator ind;

string name = "dandan";

int sex;

sql << "select sex from tb_test where name = :name",

into(sex, ind), use(name);

ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name;

}

catch (exception const &e)

{

FAIL()<

}

}

select的结果，如果成功则ind会为i_ok，同值sex被赋值；如果失败则反之

2.简单的select多条记录

TEST(soci,select_multi2)

{

try

{

session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");

indicator ind;

int count;

sql << "select count(*) from tb_test", into(count, ind);

ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count;

if (count == 0)

{

SUCCEED();

return;

}

int sex = 1;

vector vec_name(count);

vector vec_sex(count);

sql << "select name,sex from tb_test where sex = :sex",

into(vec_name), into(vec_sex), use(sex);

}

catch (exception const &e)

{

FAIL()<

}

}

TEST(soci,select_multi2)

{

try

{

session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");

indicator ind;

int count;

sql << "select count(*) from tb_test", into(count, ind);

ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count;

if (count == 0)

{

SUCCEED();

return;

}

int sex = 1;

vector vec_name(count);

vector vec_sex(count);

sql << "select name,sex from tb_test where sex = :sex",

into(vec_name), into(vec_sex), use(sex);

}

catch (exception const &e)

{

FAIL()<

}

}

与select单条记录唯一的区别即，into()的参数是一个vector 。其实用多个vector这种方式并不是一个很好的选择，后面会介绍基于数据结构的方式 。

3.简单的insert

TEST(soci,insert_exist)

{

try

{

session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");

string name = "dandan";

int sex = 1;

sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)",

use(name), use(sex);

}

catch (exception const &e)

{

SUCCEED()<

}

}

TEST(soci,insert_exist)

{

try

{

session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");

string name = "dandan";

int sex = 1;

sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)",

use(name), use(sex);

}

catch (exception const &e)

{

SUCCEED()<

}

}

insert，update，delete都有两个同样的问题:

a)affect_rows(操作的行数)没有办法返回

b)操作的id无法知道，尤其对于insert的主键是自增的情况下，无法知道插入的主键的值是多少 。

update和delete都与insert相似，这里就不再多说 。

接下来是这个框架的很重要的一个特性，即数据库表与数据结构绑定：

首先我们需要定义一个结构体，并告知soci怎么让列名和数据结构的字段对应起来:

struct Person

{

int id;

std::string name;

int sex;

};

namespace soci

{

template<> struct type_conversion

{

typedef values base_type;

static void from_base(values const & v, indicator /* ind */, Person & p)

{

p.id = v.get("id");

p.name = v.get<:string>("name");

p.sex = v.get("sex");

}

static void to_base(const Person & p, values & v, indicator & ind)

{

v.set("id", p.id);

v.set("name", p.name);

v.set("sex", p.sex);

ind = i_ok;

}

};

}

struct Person

{

int id;

std::string name;

int sex;

};

namespace soci

{

template<> struct type_conversion

{

typedef values base_type;

static void from_base(values const & v, indicator /* ind */, Person & p)

{

p.id = v.get("id");

p.name = v.get<:string>("name");

p.sex = v.get("sex");

}

static void to_base(const Person & p, values & v, indicator & ind)

{

v.set("id", p.id);

v.set("name", p.name);

v.set("sex", p.sex);

ind = i_ok;

}

};

}

关于

template<> struct type_conversion

template<> struct type_conversion

这里，官方的文档是是有误的，我查了好长时间，按照上面的写法来写即可 。

1.用数据结构来select

TEST(soci,select_obj_one)

{

try

{

session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");

indicator ind;

int count;

sql << "select count(*) from tb_test", into(count, ind);

ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count;

string name = "dandan";

Person p;

sql << "select id,name,sex from tb_test where name = :name",

into(p, ind), use(name);

ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name;

if (sql.got_data())

{

cout<< p.id

<< ","

<< p.name

<< ","

<< p.sex

<< endl;

}

}

catch (exception const &e)

{

FAIL()<

}

}

TEST(soci,select_obj_one)

{

try

{

session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");

indicator ind;

int count;

sql << "select count(*) from tb_test", into(count, ind);

ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count;

string name = "dandan";

Person p;

sql << "select id,name,sex from tb_test where name = :name",

into(p, ind), use(name);

ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name;

if (sql.got_data())

{

cout<< p.id

<< ","

<< p.name

<< ","

<< p.sex

<< endl;

}

}

catch (exception const &e)

{

FAIL()<

}

}

2.用数据结构来进行insert

TEST(soci,insert_obj_noexist)

{

try

{

session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");

Person p = {

0,

"niuniu",

2

};

sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)",

use(p);

}

catch (exception const &e)

{

FAIL()<

}

}

TEST(soci,insert_obj_noexist)

{

try

{

session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");

Person p = {

0,

"niuniu",

2

};

sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)",

use(p);

}

catch (exception const &e)

{

FAIL()<

}

}

整个就是这样''下面是文中代码文件的下载路径：

http://code.google.com/p/vimercode/source/browse/#svn%2Ftrunk%2Fsoci_test

另外，虽然python下的mysql访问也算比较简单，但还是想知道是否有更Pythonic的库或接口，如果有朋友知道，欢迎不吝告知 。