python实现网页登陆首页_Python访问需要登录的网页,python,实现,登陆

一 首先使用flask 编写一个Web服务器，用于模拟基础验证页面。代码如下。

from flask import Flask

from flask import request

import base64

app = Flask(__name__)

def hasAuth(auth,response):

if auth == None or auth.strip() == "":

response.status_code = 401

response.headers['WWW-Authenticate'] = 'Basic realm = "localhost"'

return False

return True

@app.route("/")

def index():

response = app.make_response('username or pwd error')

print(request.headers)

auth = request.headers.get('Authorization')

print('Authorization:',auth)

if hasAuth(auth,response):

auth = str(base64.b64decode(auth.split(' ')[1]),'utf-8')

values = auth.split(':')

username = values[0]

passwd = values[1]

print('username:',username)

print('passwd:',passwd)

if username == 'Mary' and passwd == '1234':

return 'success'

return response

if __name__ == '__main__':

app.run()

运行结果如下图所示：此时访问

http://127.0.0.1:5000/

会出现用户名和密码的登陆框。

二 使用Authorization设置用户名和密码发送给服务端

from urllib import request, response

import base64

url = 'http://localhost:5000'

headers = {

'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macinosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_3) AppleWeKit/537.36'

'(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrom/72.0.3626.109 Safari/537.36',

'Host':'localhost:5000',

'Authorization':'Basic' + str(base64.b64encode(bytes('Mary:1234','utf-8')),'utf-8')

}

req = request.Request(url=url,headers=headers,method='GET')

reponse = request.urlopen(req)

print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

这段代码报错500，但是http://localhost:5000' 可以访问，暂时没有找到原因(哭。

三 使用build_opener访问网页。

#!/usr/bin/env python3

#-*-coding=utf-8-*-

__author__='km'

from urllib.request import HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm,HTTPBasicAuthHandler,build_opener

from urllib.error import URLError

username = 'Mary'

password = '1234'

url = 'http://localhost:5000/'

p = HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()

p.add_password('localhost',url,username,password)

auth_header = HTTPBasicAuthHandler(p)

opener = build_opener(auth_header)

result = opener.open(url)

html = result.read().decode('utf-9')

print(html)

运行结果如下图：报错401，怀疑是realm原因，经过调试发现走到的是服务器第一个if语句里。暂时没有找到原因(哭。