python3.7如何使用enum_Python枚举，何时何地使用？

1. When and where to use enums?当你有一个变量，它接受一组有限的可能值。在

例如，一周中的几天：class Weekday(Enum):

MONDAY = 1

TUESDAY = 2

WEDNESDAY = 3

THURSDAY = 4

FRIDAY = 5

SATURDAY = 6

SUNDAY = 72. Why do we need enum? What are the advantages?枚举是有利的，因为它们给常量起了一个名字，这使得代码更具可读性；而且由于单个成员不能被反弹，使得Python枚举成为半常量（因为Enum本身仍然可以反弹）。

除了可读性更好的代码外，调试也更容易，因为您可以看到名称和值，而不仅仅是值

可以将所需的行为添加到枚举中

例如，任何使用过datetime模块的人都知道，datetime和{}对于一周中的几天有两种不同的表示：0-6或1-7。我们可以向Weekday枚举中添加一个方法，从datetime或{}实例中提取日期并返回匹配的enum成员：

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3. What exactly is Enum?Enum是一个type，其成员是命名常量，它们都属于（或应该）一个逻辑值组。到目前为止，我已经为以下对象创建了Enums：- the days of the week

- the months of the year

- US Federal Holidays in a year

FederalHoliday是我最复杂的；它使用this recipe，并且有方法返回给定年份的实际假日发生日期，如果所讨论的日期是假日，则返回下一个工作日（或跳过的天数范围包括假日或周末），以及一年的完整日期集。这里是：class FederalHoliday(AutoEnum):

NewYear = "First day of the year.", 'absolute', Month.JANUARY, 1

MartinLutherKingJr = "Birth of Civil Rights leader.", 'relative', Month.JANUARY, Weekday.MONDAY, 3

President = "Birth of George Washington", 'relative', Month.FEBRUARY, Weekday.MONDAY, 3

Memorial = "Memory of fallen soldiers", 'relative', Month.MAY, Weekday.MONDAY, 5

Independence = "Declaration of Independence", 'absolute', Month.JULY, 4

Labor = "American Labor Movement", 'relative', Month.SEPTEMBER, Weekday.MONDAY, 1

Columbus = "Americas discovered", 'relative', Month.OCTOBER, Weekday.MONDAY, 2

Veterans = "Recognition of Armed Forces service", 'relative', Month.NOVEMBER, 11, 1

Thanksgiving = "Day of Thanks", 'relative', Month.NOVEMBER, Weekday.THURSDAY, 4

Christmas = "Birth of Jesus Christ", 'absolute', Month.DECEMBER, 25

def __init__(self, doc, type, month, day, occurrence=None):

self.__doc__ = doc

self.type = type

self.month = month

self.day = day

self.occurrence = occurrence

def date(self, year):

"returns the observed date of the holiday for `year`"

if self.type == 'absolute' or isinstance(self.day, int):

holiday = Date(year, self.month, self.day)

if Weekday(holiday.isoweekday()) is Weekday.SUNDAY:

holiday = holiday.replace(delta_day=1)

return holiday

days_in_month = days_per_month(year)

target_end = self.occurrence * 7 + 1

if target_end > days_in_month[self.month]:

target_end = days_in_month[self.month]

target_start = target_end - 7

target_week = list(xrange(start=Date(year, self.month, target_start), step=one_day, count=7))

for holiday in target_week:

if Weekday(holiday.isoweekday()) is self.day:

return holiday

@classmethod

def next_business_day(cls, date, days=1):

"""

Return the next `days` business day from date.

"""

holidays = cls.year(date.year)

years = set([date.year])

while days > 0:

date = date.replace(delta_day=1)

if date.year not in years:

holidays.extend(cls.year(date.year))

years.add(date.year)

if Weekday(date.isoweekday()) in (Weekday.SATURDAY, Weekday.SUNDAY) or date in holidays:

continue

days -= 1

return date

@classmethod

def year(cls, year):

"""

Return a list of the actual FederalHoliday dates for `year`.

"""

holidays = []

for fh in cls:

holidays.append(fh.date(year))

return holidays

注意事项：增强的xrange（支持一系列日期）也是自定义的，但我不认为我已经将其包含在任何地方；下次我修补它时，我会将它填充到我的dbf包中。