mysql建立高效索引,如何知道你建立的MySQL索引是高效，合理的

不管是开发人员，仍是数据库维护人员，给表建立索引是很常见的事情。普通到什么程度，初级，中级开发人员的印象中，只要写的sql语句效率不高，第一反应就是建索引，而无论这个字段是否适合建立索引。反正只要给字段建立好索引，应用就能跑的嗖嗖的，索引就是银弹，就是灵丹妙药。mysql

案例

在某个项目现场的数据库中，开发人员给一张业务表的全部字段都建立上了索引。因而就问，为何建立这么索引。开发说，我不懂sql怎么优化，碰到慢了，就建立索引。sql

因此在接手一个新库时，了解哪些索引不合理，低效是颇有必要的一件事情。数据库

高效索引特色

索引必须建立在索引选择性较高的列上，选择性的计算方式为ide

select count(distinct(col_name))/count(*) from tb_name

若是结果小于0.2，则不建议在此列上建立索引，不然大几率会拖慢SQL执行优化

查询低效索引

能够根据高效索引特色，即选择性小于0.2的列上建立索引是低效的，能够经过如下sql语句查询到低效索引code

mysql> SELECT

-> t.TABLE_SCHEMA,t.TABLE_NAME,INDEX_NAME,CARDINALITY,

-> TABLE_ROWS, CARDINALITY/TABLE_ROWS AS SELECTIVITY

-> FROM

-> information_schema.TABLES t,

-> (

-> SELECT table_schema,table_name,index_name,cardinality

-> FROM information_schema.STATISTICS

-> WHERE (table_schema,table_name,index_name,seq_in_index) IN (

-> SELECT table_schema,table_name,index_name,MAX(seq_in_index)

-> FROM information_schema.STATISTICS

-> GROUP BY table_schema , table_name , index_name )

-> ) s

-> WHERE

-> t.table_schema = s.table_schema

-> AND t.table_name = s.table_name AND t.table_rows != 0

-> AND t.table_schema NOT IN ( 'mysql','performance_schema','information_schema','sys')

-> and index_name!='PRIMARY'

-> and CARDINALITY/TABLE_ROWS <=0.2

-> ORDER BY SELECTIVITY;

+--------------+------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+

| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | index_name | cardinality | TABLE_ROWS | SELECTIVITY |

+--------------+------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+

| sbtest | sbtest1 | k_1 | 13167 | 79937 | 0.1647 |

+--------------+------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.09 sec)

从上面结果就找到一个低效索引(k_1)，经过下面的命令，能够更详细的获取索引信息orm

mysql> show index from sbtest.sbtest1;

+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+

| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |

+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+

| sbtest1 | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 79937 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |

| sbtest1 | 1 | k_1 | 1 | k | A | 13167 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |

+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)