python 中的时间
datetime， time 及calendar模块
datetime，以毫秒形式存储日期和时间
datime.timedelta, 表示两个datetime对象的时间差
datetime模块中包含的数据类型
总结datetime中包括，date：年月日 time：时分秒 datetime：年月日时分秒 timedelta：两个datetime之间的差
from datetime import datetime
if __name__ == '__main__':
now = datetime.now()
print now
print type(now)
print now.year, now.month, now.date(),now.day,now.hour,now.second
print "---------------------------------------------------------"
datetime_ = datetime(2017, 3, 4, 17) - datetime(2017, 2, 18, 15)
print datetime_
print type(datetime_)
print datetime_.days, datetime_.seconds
运行结果：
C:\Anaconda2\python.exe F:/python01/lect006/datetime_001.py
2018-01-06 00:15:35.027000
2018 1 2018-01-06 6 0 35
---------------------------------------------------------
14 days, 2:00:00
14 7200
Process finished with exit code 0
字符串和datetime的转换
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from datetime import datetime
if __name__ == '__main__':
print "------------------时间转换为字符串----------------------------------"
d = datetime(2018, 1, 5)
print d
print type(d)
str_d = str(d)
print str_d
print type(str_d)
strftime = d.strftime("%d-%m-%Y")
print strftime
print type(strftime)
print "---------------字符串转换为时间----------------------------------"
str = "2018-01-05"
strptime = datetime.strptime(str,"%Y-%m-%d")
print strptime
print type(strptime)
print "------from dateutil.parser import parse 日期格式要求不严格------------"
from dateutil.parser import parse
time_parse = parse(str)
print time_parse
print type(time_parse)
print '------------------------------------------------------------------------'
import pandas as pd
series = pd.Series(['2018/1/1', '2018/1/2', '2018/1/3', '2018/1/4', '2018/1/5'], name="course_time")
print series
to_datetime = pd.to_datetime(series)
print to_datetime
print "------------NAT not a time----------------------"
series2 = pd.Series(['2018/1/1', '2018/1/2', '2018/1/3', '2018/1/4', '2018/1/5']+[None], name="course_time")
print series2
pd_to_datetime = pd.to_datetime(series2)
print pd_to_datetime
运行结果：
C:\Anaconda2\python.exe F:/python01/lect006/datetime_to_str.py
------------------时间转换为字符串----------------------------------
2018-01-05 00:00:00
2018-01-05 00:00:00
05-01-2018
---------------字符串转换为时间----------------------------------
2018-01-05 00:00:00
------from dateutil.parser import parse 日期格式要求不严格------------
2018-01-05 00:00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 2018/1/1
1 2018/1/2
2 2018/1/3
3 2018/1/4
4 2018/1/5
Name: course_time, dtype: object
0 2018-01-01
1 2018-01-02
2 2018-01-03
3 2018-01-04
4 2018-01-05
Name: course_time, dtype: datetime64[ns]
0 2018/1/1
1 2018/1/2
2 2018/1/3
3 2018/1/4
4 2018/1/5
5 None
Name: course_time, dtype: object
0 2018-01-01
1 2018-01-02
2 2018-01-03
3 2018-01-04
4 2018-01-05
5 NaT
Name: course_time, dtype: datetime64[ns]
Process finished with exit code 0
pandas的时间序列处理
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from datetime import datetime
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
if __name__ == '__main__':
date_list = [datetime(2018,1,1), datetime(2018,1,2), datetime(2018,1,3),
datetime(2018,1,4), datetime(2018,1,5), datetime(2018,1,6)]
# date_list = [3, 4,5,
# 6,7,8]
# print date_list
series = pd.Series(np.random.randn(6),date_list)
print series
print type(series.index)
print "--------获取数据，通过索引位置------------------------"
print series[0]
print "--------获取数据，索引值------------------------"
print series[datetime(2018, 1, 1)]
print "--------获取数据，可以被解析的日期字符串------------------------"
print series["2018-01-01"]
print "--------获取数据,按照年份，月份索引 --------------------------------------------------------"
print series["2018-01"]
print "--------获取数据,切片操作 --------------------------------------------------------"
print series["2018-01-01":"2018-01-03"]
print "----------------------------------"
dates = pd.date_range("2018-01-01",
periods=5,
freq='W-SAT')
dates2 = pd.date_range("2018-01-01",#起始日期
periods=5,#周期
freq='W-MON') # 频率，W按照周生成，MON周一 SAT 周六
print dates
print dates2
print type(dates)
print pd.Series(np.random.randn(5), index=dates)
运行结果：
C:\Anaconda2\python.exe F:/python01/lect006/pandas_datetimeindex.py
2018-01-01 1.470973
2018-01-02 1.182988
2018-01-03 0.110619
2018-01-04 -0.485221
2018-01-05 0.240115
2018-01-06 -0.779746
dtype: float64
--------获取数据，通过索引位置------------------------
1.4709733498
--------获取数据，索引值------------------------
1.4709733498
--------获取数据，可以被解析的日期字符串------------------------
1.4709733498
--------获取数据,按照年份，月份索引 --------------------------------------------------------
2018-01-01 1.470973
2018-01-02 1.182988
2018-01-03 0.110619
2018-01-04 -0.485221
2018-01-05 0.240115
2018-01-06 -0.779746
dtype: float64
--------获取数据,切片操作 --------------------------------------------------------
2018-01-01 1.470973
2018-01-02 1.182988
2018-01-03 0.110619
dtype: float64
----------------------------------
DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-06', '2018-01-13', '2018-01-20', '2018-01-27',
'2018-02-03'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='W-SAT')
DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01', '2018-01-08', '2018-01-15', '2018-01-22',
'2018-01-29'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='W-MON')
2018-01-06 0.981539
2018-01-13 -0.573164
2018-01-20 0.095981
2018-01-27 0.955236
2018-02-03 0.714157
Freq: W-SAT, dtype: float64
Process finished with exit code 0
时间序列的过滤：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from datetime import datetime
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
if __name__ == '__main__':
"""
过滤 扔掉符合条件的数据
"""
date_list = [datetime(2018,1,1), datetime(2018,1,2), datetime(2018,1,3),
datetime(2018,1,4), datetime(2018,1,5), datetime(2018,1,6)]
# date_list = [3, 4,5,
# 6,7,8]
# print date_list
series = pd.Series(np.random.randn(6),date_list)
truncate = series.truncate(before="2018-1-3")
print truncate
series_truncate = series.truncate(after="2018-01-02")
print series_truncate
print "---------传入开始，结束日期，默认生成的该时间段的时间是按天计算的---------------------------------"
date_range = pd.date_range("2018-01-01", "2018-01-20")
print date_range
print "---------只传入开始或结束日期，还需要传入时间段-----------------------------------------------"
print pd.date_range("2018-1-1",periods=10)
print "只指定结束日期"
print pd.date_range(end="2018-1-1",periods=10)
print "规范化时间戳"
print pd.date_range(start='2018/01/01 12:13:14', periods=10)
print pd.date_range(start='2018/01/01 12:13:14', periods=10, normalize=True)
运行结果
C:\Anaconda2\python.exe F:/python01/lect006/pandas_truncate.py
2018-01-03 -2.455503
2018-01-04 0.157108
2018-01-05 -1.542617
2018-01-06 0.648572
dtype: float64
2018-01-01 0.235691
2018-01-02 1.572366
dtype: float64
---------传入开始，结束日期，默认生成的该时间段的时间是按天计算的---------------------------------
DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01', '2018-01-02', '2018-01-03', '2018-01-04',
'2018-01-05', '2018-01-06', '2018-01-07', '2018-01-08',
'2018-01-09', '2018-01-10', '2018-01-11', '2018-01-12',
'2018-01-13', '2018-01-14', '2018-01-15', '2018-01-16',
'2018-01-17', '2018-01-18', '2018-01-19', '2018-01-20'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
---------只传入开始或结束日期，还需要传入时间段-----------------------------------------------
DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01', '2018-01-02', '2018-01-03', '2018-01-04',
'2018-01-05', '2018-01-06', '2018-01-07', '2018-01-08',
'2018-01-09', '2018-01-10'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
只指定结束日期
DatetimeIndex(['2017-12-23', '2017-12-24', '2017-12-25', '2017-12-26',
'2017-12-27', '2017-12-28', '2017-12-29', '2017-12-30',
'2017-12-31', '2018-01-01'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
规范化时间戳
DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01 12:13:14', '2018-01-02 12:13:14',
'2018-01-03 12:13:14', '2018-01-04 12:13:14',
'2018-01-05 12:13:14', '2018-01-06 12:13:14',
'2018-01-07 12:13:14', '2018-01-08 12:13:14',
'2018-01-09 12:13:14', '2018-01-10 12:13:14'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01', '2018-01-02', '2018-01-03', '2018-01-04',
'2018-01-05', '2018-01-06', '2018-01-07', '2018-01-08',
'2018-01-09', '2018-01-10'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
Process finished with exit code 0
移动数据
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from datetime import datetime
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
if __name__ == '__main__':
print pd.date_range("2018-01-01", "2018-01-10", freq="D")
print pd.date_range("2018-01-01", "2018-01-10", freq="2D")
print "---------偏移量通过加法连接---------------------------"
offset_ = pd.tseries.offsets.Week(2) + pd.tseries.offsets.Hour(12)
print offset_
print pd.date_range("2018-01-01", "2018-03-01", freq=offset_)
print "---------移动数据--------------------------"
ts = pd.Series(np.random.randn(5), index=pd.date_range('20180101', periods=5, freq="W-SAT"))
print ts
print ts.shift(1)
print ts.shift(-1)
C:\Anaconda2\python.exe F:/python01/lect006/pandas_freq.py
DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01', '2018-01-02', '2018-01-03', '2018-01-04',
'2018-01-05', '2018-01-06', '2018-01-07', '2018-01-08',
'2018-01-09', '2018-01-10'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01', '2018-01-03', '2018-01-05', '2018-01-07',
'2018-01-09'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='2D')
---------偏移量通过加法连接---------------------------
14 days 12:00:00
DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01 00:00:00', '2018-01-15 12:00:00',
'2018-01-30 00:00:00', '2018-02-13 12:00:00',
'2018-02-28 00:00:00'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='348H')
---------移动数据--------------------------
2018-01-06 0.612710
2018-01-13 0.897702
2018-01-20 1.262353
2018-01-27 -2.317208
2018-02-03 -1.161990
Freq: W-SAT, dtype: float64
2018-01-06 NaN
2018-01-13 0.612710
2018-01-20 0.897702
2018-01-27 1.262353
2018-02-03 -2.317208
Freq: W-SAT, dtype: float64
2018-01-06 0.897702
2018-01-13 1.262353
2018-01-20 -2.317208
2018-01-27 -1.161990
2018-02-03 NaN
Freq: W-SAT, dtype: float64
Process finished with exit code 0
采样：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from datetime import datetime
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
if __name__ == '__main__':
"""
重采样
"""
date_range = pd.date_range("2018-01-01", periods=100, freq="D")
s_obj = pd.Series(np.random.randint(1,10,100), date_range)
# print s_obj
resample_obj = s_obj.resample("M").sum()
print resample_obj
print s_obj.resample("M").mean()
print "--------ohlc 开始值，最高值，最低值，结束值-----------------"
print s_obj.resample("M").ohlc()
print '--------升采样--------------------------'
frame = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 3), index=pd.date_range('2018-1-1', periods=5, freq="W-MON"),
columns=['a', 'b', 'c'])
print frame
print "升采样----按天"
print frame.resample("D").asfreq()
print "-----补数据-----拿前面的数据补后面的数据----"
print frame.resample("D").ffill(2)
print "-------------拿后面的数据补充前面的数据-----------------------------"
print frame.resample("D").bfill(2)
print "------------------------------------------------------"
print frame.resample("D").fillna("ffill")
print "---------------按照线性补全数据-------------------------------"
print frame.resample("D").interpolate("linear")
运行结果：
C:\Anaconda2\python.exe F:/python01/lect006/pandas_chongcaiyang.py
2018-01-31 160
2018-02-28 143
2018-03-31 148
2018-04-30 47
Freq: M, dtype: int32
2018-01-31 5.161290
2018-02-28 5.107143
2018-03-31 4.774194
2018-04-30 4.700000
Freq: M, dtype: float64
--------ohlc 开始值，最高值，最低值，结束值-----------------
open high low close
2018-01-31 1 9 1 7
2018-02-28 2 9 1 8
2018-03-31 4 9 1 4
2018-04-30 3 9 1 1
--------升采样--------------------------
a b c
2018-01-01 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-08 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-15 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-22 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-29 0.188421 0.770612 0.029760
升采样----按天
a b c
2018-01-01 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-02 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-03 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-04 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-05 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-06 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-07 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-08 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-09 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-10 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-11 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-12 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-13 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-14 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-15 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-16 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-17 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-18 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-19 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-20 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-21 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-22 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-23 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-24 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-25 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-26 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-27 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-28 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-29 0.188421 0.770612 0.029760
-----补数据-----拿前面的数据补后面的数据----
a b c
2018-01-01 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-02 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-03 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-04 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-05 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-06 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-07 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-08 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-09 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-10 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-11 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-12 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-13 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-14 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-15 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-16 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-17 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-18 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-19 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-20 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-21 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-22 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-23 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-24 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-25 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-26 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-27 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-28 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-29 0.188421 0.770612 0.029760
-------------拿后面的数据补充前面的数据-----------------------------
a b c
2018-01-01 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-02 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-03 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-04 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-05 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-06 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-07 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-08 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-09 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-10 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-11 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-12 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-13 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-14 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-15 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-16 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-17 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-18 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-19 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-20 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-21 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-22 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-23 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-24 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-25 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-26 NaN NaN NaN
2018-01-27 0.188421 0.770612 0.029760
2018-01-28 0.188421 0.770612 0.029760
2018-01-29 0.188421 0.770612 0.029760
------------------------------------------------------
a b c
2018-01-01 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-02 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-03 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-04 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-05 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-06 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-07 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-08 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-09 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-10 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-11 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-12 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-13 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-14 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-15 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-16 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-17 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-18 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-19 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-20 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-21 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-22 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-23 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-24 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-25 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-26 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-27 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-28 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-29 0.188421 0.770612 0.029760
a b c
2018-01-01 -1.787660 -1.081827 0.264846
2018-01-02 -1.682801 -0.797210 0.091221
2018-01-03 -1.577943 -0.512592 -0.082404
2018-01-04 -1.473085 -0.227975 -0.256029
2018-01-05 -1.368226 0.056643 -0.429654
2018-01-06 -1.263368 0.341261 -0.603280
2018-01-07 -1.158509 0.625878 -0.776905
2018-01-08 -1.053651 0.910496 -0.950530
2018-01-09 -0.914797 0.719772 -0.774560
2018-01-10 -0.775943 0.529049 -0.598590
2018-01-11 -0.637089 0.338325 -0.422620
2018-01-12 -0.498235 0.147601 -0.246650
2018-01-13 -0.359381 -0.043123 -0.070680
2018-01-14 -0.220527 -0.233846 0.105291
2018-01-15 -0.081673 -0.424570 0.281261
2018-01-16 -0.125123 -0.415951 0.455038
2018-01-17 -0.168573 -0.407332 0.628815
2018-01-18 -0.212024 -0.398712 0.802593
2018-01-19 -0.255474 -0.390093 0.976370
2018-01-20 -0.298924 -0.381474 1.150147
2018-01-21 -0.342375 -0.372855 1.323925
2018-01-22 -0.385825 -0.364235 1.497702
2018-01-23 -0.303790 -0.202114 1.287996
2018-01-24 -0.221755 -0.039993 1.078290
2018-01-25 -0.139719 0.122128 0.868584
2018-01-26 -0.057684 0.284249 0.658878
2018-01-27 0.024351 0.446370 0.449172
2018-01-28 0.106386 0.608491 0.239466
2018-01-29 0.188421 0.770612 0.029760
Process finished with exit code 0
窗口函数：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from datetime import datetime
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
if __name__ == '__main__':
series_obj = pd.Series(np.random.randn(1000), index=pd.date_range("20170101", periods=1000))
print series_obj.head()
rolling = series_obj.rolling(window=5)
print rolling
print "-------第五天的数据是前五天数据的均值----------------------"
print rolling.mean()
print '--------------------------------------'
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 5))
series_obj.plot(style="r--")
# series_obj.rolling(window=10).mean().plot(style="b")
# series_obj.rolling(window=10, center=True).mean().plot(style="b")
series_obj.rolling(window=10, center=True).sum().plot(style="b")
plt.show()
运行结果：
C:\Anaconda2\python.exe F:/python01/lect006/pandas_windows.py
2017-01-01 1.155897
2017-01-02 -0.061706
2017-01-03 -1.171228
2017-01-04 0.248460
2017-01-05 0.786955
Freq: D, dtype: float64
Rolling [window=5,center=False,axis=0]
-------第五天的数据是前五天数据的均值----------------------
2017-01-01 NaN
2017-01-02 NaN
2017-01-03 NaN
2017-01-04 NaN
2017-01-05 0.191675
2017-01-06 0.153913
2017-01-07 0.169883
2017-01-08 0.685552
2017-01-09 0.470192
2017-01-10 0.502044
2017-01-11 0.283706
2017-01-12 0.092507
2017-01-13 -0.155475
2017-01-14 -0.149128
2017-01-15 -0.488179
2017-01-16 -0.363505
2017-01-17 -0.091595
2017-01-18 -0.112211
2017-01-19 0.316891
2017-01-20 0.348507
2017-01-21 0.425806
2017-01-22 0.193486
2017-01-23 -0.282033
2017-01-24 -0.337791
2017-01-25 -0.136945
2017-01-26 -0.257740
2017-01-27 -0.219738
2017-01-28 0.069635
2017-01-29 0.032645
2017-01-30 0.188748
...
2019-08-29 -0.320065
2019-08-30 -0.365553
2019-08-31 -0.586240
2019-09-01 -0.789963
2019-09-02 -0.479596
2019-09-03 -0.249201
2019-09-04 -0.333432
2019-09-05 0.171652
2019-09-06 0.221092
2019-09-07 0.030030
2019-09-08 0.000564
2019-09-09 0.389039
2019-09-10 0.336969
2019-09-11 0.815062
2019-09-12 1.185745
2019-09-13 1.132346
2019-09-14 0.677973
2019-09-15 0.557701
2019-09-16 0.059425
2019-09-17 -0.020097
2019-09-18 0.354538
2019-09-19 0.595465
2019-09-20 0.488031
2019-09-21 0.309707
2019-09-22 0.124832
2019-09-23 -0.104373
2019-09-24 -0.338483
2019-09-25 -0.310262
2019-09-26 0.079869
2019-09-27 0.034300
Freq: D, Length: 1000, dtype: float64
--------------------------------------
Process finished with exit code 0
时序模型：ARIMA
ARIMA是基于统计的 ，HMM(隐马可夫模型)：机器学习里面的一个算法，因为语音识别而兴起
AR(Autoregressive)模型
* 自回归模型描述的是当前值与历史值之间的关系
arima拿到的数据要求是平稳的，如果是不平稳的需要转化为平稳的
转化为平稳的数据-------》差分
104m
507
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