python typing typescript_Python中Typescript的等价物

对于ide中的代码完成和类型提示，只需为Person和Address类添加静态类型，就可以了。假设您使用最新的python3.6，下面是示例中typescript类的大致等价物：# spam.py

from typing import Optional, Sequence

class Address:

street: str

housenumber: int

housenumber_postfix: Optional[str]

def __init__(self, street: str, housenumber: int,

housenumber_postfix: Optional[str] = None) -> None:

self.street = street

self.housenumber = housenumber

self.housenumber_postfix = housenumber_postfix

class Person:

name: str

adresses: Sequence[Address]

def __init__(self, name: str, adresses: Sequence[str]) -> None:

self.name = name

self.adresses = adresses

person = Person('Joe', [

Address('Sesame', 1),

Address('Baker', 221, housenumber_postfix='b')

]) # type: Person

我想您提到的样板是在添加类构造函数时出现的。这确实是不可撤销的。我希望默认构造函数在运行时生成，而不是显式声明，如下所示：class Address:

street: str

housenumber: int

housenumber_postfix: Optional[str]

class Person:

name: str

adresses: Sequence[Address]

if __name__ == '__main__':

alice = Person('Alice', [Address('spam', 1, housenumber_postfix='eggs')])

bob = Person('Bob', ()) # a tuple is also a sequence

但不幸的是你必须手工申报。

编辑

正如Michael0x2a在comment中指出的，在引入python3.7装饰器的@dataclass中，可以避免对默认构造函数的需要，因此可以声明：@dataclass

class Address:

street: str

housenumber: int

housenumber_postfix: Optional[str]

@dataclass

class Person:

name: str

adresses: Sequence[Address]

并获得几个方法的默认impl，从而减少样板代码的数量。查看PEP 557了解更多详细信息。

我想您可以看到从代码生成的存根文件，作为某种接口文件：$ stubgen spam # stubgen tool is part of mypy package

Created out/spam.pyi

生成的存根文件包含模块的所有非私有类和函数的类型化签名，但没有实现：# Stubs for spam (Python 3.6)

#

# NOTE: This dynamically typed stub was automatically generated by stubgen.

from typing import Optional, Sequence

class Address:

street: str

housenumber: int

housenumber_postfix: Optional[str]

def __init__(self, street: str, housenumber: int, housenumber_postfix: Optional[str]=...) -> None: ...

class Person:

name: str

adresses: Sequence[Address]

def __init__(self, name: str, adresses: Sequence[str]) -> None: ...

person: Person

IDE也可以识别这些存根文件，如果原始模块不是静态类型的，它们将使用存根文件进行类型提示和代码完成。