计算机专业英语刘来毅,计算机专业英语教学课件作者刘来毅1-4memorydevices.pptx

Chapter 1 Basis of Computer

1-4 Memory Devices

Introduction:

In this section we examine the construction and functions of the memory subsystem of a computer. We review the different types of physical memory and the internal organization of their chips. We discuss the construction of the memory subsystem.

导读：

本节我们将讨论计算机中存储器子系统的结构和功能。我们将会回顾不同类型的物理存储器及其芯片的内部组成。讨论存储器子系统的结构。

Key words:

chip [tʃɪp] n.芯片；切屑；碎片；薄片

RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY

Random-access memory，or RAM，is the kind of memory we usually refer to when we speak of computer memory．It is the most widely used type，and consists of rows of chips with locations established in tables maintained by the control unit．

随机存储器

随机存储器或称RAM，是人们常说的计算机存储器。它是使用最广的一种类型，由一组芯片构成，其存储单元由控制部件中的地址表管理。

Key words:

Random ['rændəm] adj. [数] 随机的；任意的；胡乱的

establish [ɪ'stæblɪʃ] vt.建立,确立,设立

Expanded vocabulary:

access ['ækses] vt. 使用；存取；接近 refer to 参考；涉及；指的是；适用于

consists of 包含；由…组成；充斥着 unit ['juːnɪt] n. 单位，单元；装置

As the name suggests，items stored in RAM can be gotten(accessed)both easily and in any order(randomly)rather than in some sequence．RAM relies on electric current for all its operations；moreover，if the power is turned off or interrupted，RAM quickly empties itself of all your hard work．Thus，we say RAM is-volatile，or nonpermanent．

顾名思义，RAM中的内容可以很容易地以任意顺序(随机地)读出(或称访问)，而不用考虑什么先来后到。RAM始终靠电流进行操作；而且，如果电源关闭或中断，RAM会很快丢失，人们辛辛苦苦存入的内容。因此人们把RAM称为易失性或非永久性的存储器。

Expanded vocabulary:

item ['aɪtəm] n. 条款，项目；一则

READ-ONLY MEMORY

Read-only memory，or ROM，typically holds programs．These programs are manufactured，or “hard-wired” in place on the ROM chips．

只读存储器

只读存储器或ROM，主要用来存储程序。这些程序是做在ROM芯片中或者说通过硬连线实现的。

Key words:

manufacture [mænjʊ'fæktʃə] vt. 制造；加工；

For example，a microcomputer has a built-in ROM chip(sometimes called ROM BIOS，for ROM basic input/output system)that stores critical programs such as the one that starts up，or “boots”，the computer．ROM is “slower” than RAM memory，and as a result，items in ROM are transferred to RAM when needed for fas