python发送文件_Python 自动发送文件到邮箱

在服务器上搭建了一个小应用，为保证数据安全，每天晚上做一次备份，备份文件为.bak后缀。目前备份文件经过压缩后，大小约20M，可以通过网易的邮箱发送。

要点：使用7z压缩数据文件

Python调用7z压缩文件的方法是调用 os.command()函数，但事先要将 7z.exe的路径加入环境变量。（这里用的windows系统测试）

7z的压缩命令：

7z a filename.7z file_to_be_compressed

网易邮箱登陆，通过Python登陆邮箱发送邮件，需要开通邮箱的POP3服务。现在申请的163邮箱，开通POP3服务时，需要开通授权码。Python程序中使用授权码登陆邮箱。以前申请的163邮箱如果开通了POP3服务则可使用密码登陆。

代码如下：

# coding:utf-8

'''

backup files automation

put the .bak files in 'backup' folder

the python script will compress them and send by email

running condition :

1. Python

2. 7-zip and set the 7z environment path

'''

importsmtplib

importos,glob

importdatetime

fromtime importsleep

fromemail importencoders

fromemail.header importHeader

fromemail.mime.text importMIMEText

fromemail.utils importparseaddr,formataddr

fromemail.mime.multipart importMIMEMultipart

fromemail.mime.base importMIMEBase

def_format_addr(s):

name,addr =parseaddr(s)

returnformataddr((Header(name,'utf-8').encode(),addr))

defsend_email(attach_file):

#输入Email地址和口令:

# 1442464708 Sendemailbypython

from_addr ='s******n@163.com'

#授权码

password ='V*************'

#输入收件人地址:

to_addr ='wujbclzw@163.com'

#输入SMTP服务器地址:

smtp_server ='smtp.163.com'

# msg = "test for send email"

date_str =datetime.date.today().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

email_title ="%s数据库备份"%date_str

msg =MIMEMultipart()

msg['From']=_format_addr('文件备份<%s>'%from_addr)

msg['To']=_format_addr('数据库备份<%s>'%to_addr)

msg['Subject']=Header(email_title,'utf-8').encode()

#邮件正文是MIMEText:

msg.attach(MIMEText('数据库备份文件','plain','utf-8'))

#添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase，从本地读取一个图片:

withopen(attach_file,'rb')asf:

#设置附件的MIME和文件名，这里是png类型:

file_name =os.path.basename(attach_file)

mime =MIMEBase('Compact File','rar',filename=file_name)

#加上必要的头信息:

mime.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename=file_name)

mime.add_header('Content-ID','<0>')

mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id','0')

#把附件的内容读进来:

mime.set_payload(f.read())

#用Base64编码:

encoders.encode_base64(mime)

#添加到MIMEMultipart:

msg.attach(mime)

server =smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server,25)# SMTP协议默认端口是25

# server.set_debuglevel(1)

server.login(from_addr,password)#使用授权码登陆，不是邮箱的密码

server.sendmail(from_addr,[to_addr],msg.as_string())

server.quit()

defCompact_file():

'''

压缩并发送邮件

:return:

'''

direct_dir ="backup\\"

fs =glob.glob(direct_dir +"*.BAK")

forfItem infs:

fbase =os.path.basename(fItem)

file_7z ="%s%s.7z"%(direct_dir,fbase)

# if .7z file is exist, remove it

ifos.path.exists(file_7z):

os.remove(file_7z)

# Compress source file

cmd ="7z a %s %s"%(file_7z,fItem)

os.system(cmd)

# send by email

send_email(attach_file=file_7z)

# remove source file

ifos.path.exists(file_7z):

os.remove(file_7z)

ifos.path.exists(fItem):

os.remove(fItem)

print('Compress %s and send by email.'%fItem)

if__name__ =="__main__":

whileTrue:

# run send mail at 02:00:00 ereryday

nt =datetime.datetime.now()

ifnt.hour >=1:

next_day =nt +datetime.timedelta(1)

else:

next_day =nt

run_time =datetime.datetime(next_day.year,next_day.month,next_day.day,2,0,0)

delays =(run_time -nt).seconds

print("now time : %s"%nt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))

# print(run_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))

print("wait for %s senconds."%delays)

# sleep(10)

sleep(delays)

nt =datetime.datetime.now()

print("now time : %s"%nt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))

print("Srart to compress file and send mail.")

Compact_file()

参考资料:

https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0014316089557264a6b348958f449949df42a6d3a2e542c000/001432005226355aadb8d4b2f3f42f6b1d6f2c5bd8d5263000