Linux的scanf和fscanf用法,fopen 和 fopen_s，fscanf 和 fscanf_s用法的比较详解

在定义FILE * fp

之后，fopen的用法是: fp =

fopen(filename,"w")。而对于fopen_s来说，还得定义另外一个变量errno_t err，然后err =

fopen_s(&fp,filename,"w")。返回值的话，对于fopen来说，打开文件成功的话返回文件指针(赋值给fp)，打开失败则返回NULL值；对于fopen_s来说，打开文件成功返回0，失败返回非0。

在vs编程中，经常会有这样的警告：warning

C4996: 'fopen': This function or variable may be unsafe. Consider

using fopen_s instead. To disable deprecation,

use_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. See online help for

details. 是因为 fopen_s比fopen多了溢出检测，更安全一些。(在以后的文章里还有get与get_s的比较,strcpy

strcpy_s的比较，他们的共同点都是用来一些不可预料的行为，以后将进行详尽解释)

#include

FILE *stream,

*stream2;

int main( void

)

{

int numclosed;

errno_t err;

// Open for read (will fail if file "crt_fopen_s.c" does not

exist)

if( (err =

fopen_s( &stream, "crt_fopen_s.c", "r" )) !=0

)

printf( "The file 'crt_fopen_s.c' was not opened\n" );

else

printf( "The file 'crt_fopen_s.c' was opened\n" );

// Open for write if( (err = fopen_s(

&stream2, "data2", "w+" )) != 0 )

printf( "The file 'data2' was not opened\n" );

else

printf( "The file 'data2' was opened\n" );

// Close stream if it is not NULL if( stream)

{

if ( fclose( stream ) )

{

printf( "The file 'crt_fopen_s.c' was not closed\n" );

}

}

// All other files are closed:

numclosed = _fcloseall(

);

printf( "Number of files

closed by _fcloseall: %u\n", numclosed );

}

fscanf和fscanf_s用法的比较

fscanf 和 fscanf_s

fscanf用法：fscanf(fp,"%d",&var)

fscanf_s用法：fscanf(fp,"%d",&var,sizeof(int))

区别：fscanf_s需要指定长度

fscanf(格式化字符串输入)

相关函数

scanf，sscanf

表头文件

#include

定义函数

int fscanf(FILE * stream ,const char

*format,....);

函数说明

fscanf()会自参数stream的文件流中读取字符串，再根据参数format字符串来转换并格式化数据。格式转换形式请参考scanf()。转换后的结构存于对应的参数内。

返回值

成功则返回参数数目，失败则返回-1，错误原因存于errno中。

附加说明

范例

#include

main()

{

int i;

unsigned int j;

char s[5];

fscanf(stdin,”%d %x %5[a-z] %*s

%f”,&i,&j,s,s);

printf(“%d %d %s \n”,i,j,s);

}

执行

10 0x1b aaaaaaaaa bbbbbbbbbb

10 27 aaaaa

fscanf函数：

fscanf(fp,"%s",temp_str);和fscanf(fp,"%lf",&min_snr);

fscanf就是从文件中读取数据，保存到第三个参数开始的变量里，fp是一个FILE类型的指针。fscanf(fp,"%s",temp_str);

//

就是从文件指针fp里面读取一个字符串，保存到temp_str里面，跟scanf差不多，只是scanf是从键盘输入，fscanf是从文件里读取fscanf(fp,"%lf",&min_snr);