python语法基础整理_Python语法基础之DataFrame

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-23 17:00:52 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-09-23 17:00:52 发布

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文章标签： python语法基础整理

转载自https://blog.csdn.net/lijinlon/article/details/81676859

Python数据分析首先需要进行数据清洗处理，涉及到很多DataFrame和Series相关知识，这里对涉及到的常用方法进行整理，主要设计数据增减、变更索引、数值替换等。其中一些函数的参数并没有介绍齐全，可以通过参考pandas文档或者在编辑器输入方法+?查询(例如df.reindex?)，实践是检验知识水平的最好途径。

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame({'name':['James','Curry','James','Kobe','Wade'],

'age':[31,30,31,35,38],

'score':[18,25,18,17,15],

'block':[5,2,5,3,2]},

index = ['player1','player2','player3','player4','player5'])

print(df)

age block name score

player1 31 5 James 18

player2 30 2 Curry 25

player3 31 5 James 18

player4 35 3 Kobe 17

player5 38 2 Wade 15

1 更改索引

创建一个新索引（行列）reindex：重新创建新索引，原有数据会根据新索引进行重排，如果索引值不存在，会引入缺失值，原有索引对应的值不会发生变化

# 设置inplace = True 可以直接在原dDataFrame上修改，否则会复制修改

df_reindex = df.reindex(columns = ['name','age','block','score','reb'],

index = ['player1','player2','player3','player4','player5','player6']

)

print(df_reindex)

name age block score reb

player1 James 31.0 5.0 18.0 NaN

player2 Curry 30.0 2.0 25.0 NaN

player3 James 31.0 5.0 18.0 NaN

player4 Kobe 35.0 3.0 17.0 NaN

player5 Wade 38.0 2.0 15.0 NaN

player6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN

重新给索引命名rename，可以结合字典给部分索引重新命名，或者结合相关函数对索引进行整体重新命名

# 用字典修改

new_index = {'player1':'PLAYER1'}

new_col = {'name':'Name','age':'Age'}

df_rename_dict = df.rename(index = new_index, columns = new_col)

print(df_rename_dict)

Age block Name score

PLAYER1 31 5 James 18

player2 30 2 Curry 25

player3 31 5 James 18

player4 35 3 Kobe 17

player5 38 2 Wade 15

# 用函数修改

df_rename_fun = df.rename(columns = new_col)

print(df_rename_fun)

Age block Name score

player1 31 5 James 18

player2 30 2 Curry 25

player3 31 5 James 18

player4 35 3 Kobe 17

player5 38 2 Wade 15

# 用map函数修改，这种方法是直接在原DataFrame上修改

df.columns = df.columns.map(str.title)

df.index = df.index.map(str.upper)

print(df)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31 5 James 18

PLAYER2 30 2 Curry 25

PLAYER3 31 5 James 18

PLAYER4 35 3 Kobe 17

PLAYER5 38 2 Wade 15

将一列或者多列变为行索引 set_index

df_setlindex = df.set_index(['Name'])

print(df_setlindex)

Age Block Score

Name

James 31 5 18

Curry 30 2 25

James 31 5 18

Kobe 35 3 17

Wade 38 2 15

将两列作为索引,默认这些作为索引的列会从DataFrame中删除，设置 drop = False 可以将其保留

df_set2index = df.set_index(['Name', 'Block'], drop = False)

print(df_set2index)

Age Block Name Score

Name Block

James 5 31 5 James 18

Curry 2 30 2 Curry 25

James 5 31 5 James 18

Kobe 3 35 3 Kobe 17

Wade 2 38 2 Wade 15

将行索引变为DataFrame的一列 reset_index

df_rIdx = df.reset_index()

print(df_rIdx)

index Age Block Name Score

0 PLAYER1 31 5 James 18

1 PLAYER2 30 2 Curry 25

2 PLAYER3 31 5 James 18

3 PLAYER4 35 3 Kobe 17

4 PLAYER5 38 2 Wade 15

2 数据删除

主要包括多重形式下行列的删除

删除整列

用del删除,在原DataFrame上直接修改删除

用drop方法删除，返回删除后的复制版本，不会修改原DataFram

df2 = df.copy()

print(df2)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31 5 James 18

PLAYER2 30 2 Curry 25

PLAYER3 31 5 James 18

PLAYER4 35 3 Kobe 17

PLAYER5 38 2 Wade 15

# 用del方法删除

del df2['Age']

print(df2)

Block Name Score

PLAYER1 5 James 18

PLAYER2 2 Curry 25

PLAYER3 5 James 18

PLAYER4 3 Kobe 17

PLAYER5 2 Wade 15

# 用drop方法删除，默认axis = 0，设置axis=1才能删除列

df2_drop = df2.drop(['Block', 'Score'], axis = 1)

print(df2_drop)

Name

PLAYER1 James

PLAYER2 Curry

PLAYER3 James

PLAYER4 Kobe

PLAYER5 Wade

删除整行

df3 = df.copy()

print(df3)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31 5 James 18

PLAYER2 30 2 Curry 25

PLAYER3 31 5 James 18

PLAYER4 35 3 Kobe 17

PLAYER5 38 2 Wade 15

# 默认drop参数axis=0，删除行

df3_drop = df3.drop(['PLAYER1'])

print(df3_drop)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER2 30 2 Curry 25

PLAYER3 31 5 James 18

PLAYER4 35 3 Kobe 17

PLAYER5 38 2 Wade 15

删除重复行

重复判断 duplicated(),返回一个布尔型的Series，表示各行是否与前面重复，重复则显示True

df.duplicated()

PLAYER1 False

PLAYER2 False

PLAYER3 True

PLAYER4 False

PLAYER5 False

dtype: bool

该方法可以通过设置subset = [‘列名’]根据一列或多列对重复值进行判断，设置 keep=’last’使重复项最后一项显示False，其余为True

配合sum函数可以迅速判断，该行是否存在重复值，sum返回的数值即为重复行的数目

df.duplicated().sum()

还可以用Series的is_unique方法对单列是否有重复值进行判断，该方法能判断Series的values是否独立，没有重复则返回True

df['Name'].is_unique

False

df3_drop['Name'].is_unique

True

重复值的删除使用drop_duplicates方法,返回的是删除掉重复行的DataFrame，不会修改原DataFrame

# 依据全部列进行判断

df_d = df.drop_duplicates()

print(df_d)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31 5 James 18

PLAYER2 30 2 Curry 25

PLAYER4 35 3 Kobe 17

PLAYER5 38 2 Wade 15

# 依据设定的一列或多列进行判断，默认会保留第一个出现的值组合，传入keep = 'last'后会保留最后一个,传入inplace = True则会取代原DataFrame

df_d2 = df.drop_duplicates(subset = ['Block'], keep = 'last')

print(df_d2)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER3 31 5 James 18

PLAYER4 35 3 Kobe 17

PLAYER5 38 2 Wade 15

包含缺失值的行/列删除

滤除缺失数据一般使用dropna，返回删除后的复制版本，不会修改原DataFrame

df_data = df.copy()

df_data.iloc[1,2] =np.nan

df_data.iloc[2] = np.nan

print(df_data)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31.0 5.0 James 18.0

PLAYER2 30.0 2.0 NaN 25.0

PLAYER3 NaN NaN NaN NaN

PLAYER4 35.0 3.0 Kobe 17.0

PLAYER5 38.0 2.0 Wade 15.0

# 默认只要行内有一个NaN值，该行就会被删除

data_drop = df_data.dropna()

print(data_drop)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31.0 5.0 James 18.0

PLAYER4 35.0 3.0 Kobe 17.0

PLAYER5 38.0 2.0 Wade 15.0

# 如果只想删除全部为NaN的行，可以传入 how = 'all'

data_drop2 = df_data.dropna(how = 'all')

print(data_drop2)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31.0 5.0 James 18.0

PLAYER2 30.0 2.0 NaN 25.0

PLAYER4 35.0 3.0 Kobe 17.0

PLAYER5 38.0 2.0 Wade 15.0

# 如果像删除列，可以传入axis=1

data_drop3 = data_drop2.dropna(axis = 1)

print(data_drop3)

Age Block Score

PLAYER1 31.0 5.0 18.0

PLAYER2 30.0 2.0 25.0

PLAYER4 35.0 3.0 17.0

PLAYER5 38.0 2.0 15.0

此外，dropna还有（thresh=None, subset=None, inplace=False）三个参数，分别控制缺失值删除数目的阈值，根据subset指定列名的空值删除以及是否取代原DataFrame

3 数据替换

缺失值替换

缺失值替换可以采用fillna

# 直接替换全部为同一个值

df_1 = df_data.fillna(0)

print(df_1)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31.0 5.0 James 18.0

PLAYER2 30.0 2.0 0 25.0

PLAYER3 0.0 0.0 0 0.0

PLAYER4 35.0 3.0 Kobe 17.0

PLAYER5 38.0 2.0 Wade 15.0

# 也可以传入列名为键的字典为不同列替换为不同值

df_dict = df_data.fillna({'Age':30, 'Block':10})

print(df_dict)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31.0 5.0 James 18.0

PLAYER2 30.0 2.0 NaN 25.0

PLAYER3 30.0 10.0 NaN NaN

PLAYER4 35.0 3.0 Kobe 17.0

PLAYER5 38.0 2.0 Wade 15.0

# 可以设置method= ‘ffill'或者method='bfill'分别为前后值填充

df_m = df_data.fillna(method = 'ffill')

print(df_m)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31.0 5.0 James 18.0

PLAYER2 30.0 2.0 James 25.0

PLAYER3 30.0 2.0 James 25.0

PLAYER4 35.0 3.0 Kobe 17.0

PLAYER5 38.0 2.0 Wade 15.0

此外还有axis、limit、inplace参数分别设置轴、前后替换的阈值和是否替代

其他值替换

使用replace替换

# 利用列表实现将不同值替换为同一值

# 将Curry、kobe替换为Stephen

df_replace = df.replace(['Curry','Kobe'], 'Stephen')

print(df_replace)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31 5 James 18

PLAYER2 30 2 Stephen 25

PLAYER3 31 5 James 18

PLAYER4 35 3 Stephen 17

PLAYER5 38 2 Wade 15

# 利用字典实现对不同值得不同替换

df_reDict = df.replace({'Curry':'Stephen'})

print(df_reDict)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31 5 James 18

PLAYER2 30 2 Stephen 25

PLAYER3 31 5 James 18

PLAYER4 35 3 Kobe 17

PLAYER5 38 2 Wade 15

# 利用双列表实现对不同值的不同替换

df_reList = df.replace(['Curry','Kobe'],['Stephen','Bryant'])

print(df_reList)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31 5 James 18

PLAYER2 30 2 Stephen 25

PLAYER3 31 5 James 18

PLAYER4 35 3 Bryant 17

PLAYER5 38 2 Wade 15

4数据索引

标签索引 loc

行索引

print(df)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31 5 James 18

PLAYER2 30 2 Curry 25

PLAYER3 31 5 James 18

PLAYER4 35 3 Kobe 17

PLAYER5 38 2 Wade 15

列索引

# 单列

df['Age']

PLAYER1 31

PLAYER2 30

PLAYER3 31

PLAYER4 35

PLAYER5 38

Name: Age, dtype: int64

# 多列

df[['Age', 'Name']]

Age

Name

PLAYER1

James

PLAYER2

Curry

PLAYER3

James

PLAYER4

Kobe

PLAYER5

Wade

# loc选取

df.loc[:, 'Name']

PLAYER1 James

PLAYER2 Curry

PLAYER3 James

PLAYER4 Kobe

PLAYER5 Wade

Name: Name, dtype: object

行列共同索引

df.loc['PLAYER2',['Age','Name']]

Age 30

Name Curry

Name: PLAYER2, dtype: object

位置索引 iloc

行索引

# 单行

df.iloc[1]

Age 30

Block 2

Name Curry

Score 25

Name: PLAYER2, dtype: object

# 列索引

df.iloc[:,1]

PLAYER1 5

PLAYER2 2

PLAYER3 5

PLAYER4 3

PLAYER5 2

Name: Block, dtype: int64

# 连续多列

df.iloc[:, 1:3]

Block

Name

PLAYER1

James

PLAYER2

Curry

PLAYER3

James

PLAYER4

Kobe

PLAYER5

Wade

# 列行同时索引

df.iloc[0:2,2:4]

Name

Score

PLAYER1

James

PLAYER2

Curry

通过逻辑选择

df_logic = df[df['Score']>17]

print(df_logic)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER1 31 5 James 18

PLAYER2 30 2 Curry 25

PLAYER3 31 5 James 18

5数据排序

按照索引排序 sort_index

# 可以设置axis按照行列进行排序，并可以设置ascending悬着升序降序

df_sort = df.sort_index(axis = 0, ascending = False)

print(df_sort)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER5 38 2 Wade 15

PLAYER4 35 3 Kobe 17

PLAYER3 31 5 James 18

PLAYER2 30 2 Curry 25

PLAYER1 31 5 James 18

按照值进行排序 sort_values

可以设置ascending选择升序降序

df_sort2 = df.sort_values (by = ['Age', 'Score'])

print(df_sort2)

Age Block Name Score

PLAYER2 30 2 Curry 25

PLAYER1 31 5 James 18

PLAYER3 31 5 James 18

PLAYER4 35 3 Kobe 17

PLAYER5 38 2 Wade 15

标签：Name,Python,James,31,DataFrame,语法,df,18,Age

来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/twodoge/p/11346871.html

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