python tkinter_Python中使用Tkinter制作记事本

让我们看看如何使用Tkinter在Python中创建一个简单的记事本。该记事本GUI将包含各种菜单，例如文件和编辑，使用该菜单可以完成所有功能，例如保存文件，打开文件，编辑，剪切和粘贴。

现在要创建此记事本，您的系统中应该已经安装了Python 3和Tkinter。您可以根据系统要求下载合适的python软件包。成功安装python之后，您需要安装Tkinter(Python的GUI软件包)。

使用此命令安装Tkinter：

pip install python-tk

导入Tkinter：

import tkinter  import os  from tkinter import *  # To get the space above for message from tkinter.messagebox import *  # To get the dialog box to open when required from tkinter.filedialog import *

注意：messagebox用于在称为记事本的白色框中写入消息，filedialog用于在从系统中的任何位置打开文件或将文件保存到特定位置或位置时显示对话框。

添加菜单：

# Add controls(widget)   self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky = N + E + S + W)   # To open new file self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "New",                                 command = self.__newFile)   # To open a already existing file self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Open",                                 command = self.__openFile)   # To save current file self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Save",                                 command = self.__saveFile)   # To create a line in the dialog self.__thisFileMenu.add_separator()   # To terminate self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Exit",                                 command = self.__quitApplication) self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "File",                                menu = self.__thisFileMenu)   # To give a feature of cut self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Cut",                                 command = self.__cut)   # To give a feature of copy self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Copy",                                 command = self.__copy)   # To give a feature of paste self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Paste",                                 command = self.__paste)   # To give a feature of editing self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "Edit",                                menu = self.__thisEditMenu)   # To create a feature of description of the notepad self.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label = "About Notepad",                                 command = self.__showAbout) self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "Help",                                menu = self.__thisHelpMenu)   self.__root.config(menu = self.__thisMenuBar)   self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side = RIGHT, fill = Y)   # Scrollbar will adjust automatically # according to the content self.__thisScrollBar.config(command = self.__thisTextArea.yview) self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand = self.__thisScrollBar.set) 

使用此代码，我们将在记事本的窗口中添加菜单，并向其添加复制，粘贴，保存等内容。

添加功能：

def __quitApplication(self):     self.__root.destroy()     # exit()   def __showAbout(self):     showinfo("Notepad", "Mrinal Verma")   def __openFile(self):               self.__file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt",                                   filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),                                       ("Text Documents","*.txt")])       if self.__file == "":           # no file to open         self.__file = None    else:         # try to open the file         # set the window title         self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")         self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)           file = open(self.__file,"r")           self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0,file.read())           file.close()             def __newFile(self):     self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")     self.__file = None    self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)   def __saveFile(self):       if self.__file == None:         #save as new file         self.__file = asksaveasfilename(initialfile='Untitled.txt',                                         defaultextension=".txt",                                         filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),                                             ("Text Documents","*.txt")])           if self.__file == "":             self.__file = None        else:                           # try to save the file             file = open(self.__file,"w")             file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))             file.close()             # change the window title             self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")                                     else:         file = open(self.__file,"w")         file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))         file.close()   def __cut(self):     self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<>")   def __copy(self):     self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<>")   def __paste(self):     self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<>") 

在此我们添加了记事本中所需的所有功能，您也可以在其中添加其他功能，例如字体大小，字体颜色，粗体，带下划线的等。

合并后的主要代码：

import tkinter import os     from tkinter import *from tkinter.messagebox import *from tkinter.filedialog import *  class Notepad:       __root = Tk()       # default window width and height     __thisWidth = 300    __thisHeight = 300    __thisTextArea = Text(__root)     __thisMenuBar = Menu(__root)     __thisFileMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)     __thisEditMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)     __thisHelpMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)           # To add scrollbar     __thisScrollBar = Scrollbar(__thisTextArea)          __file = None      def __init__(self,**kwargs):           # Set icon         try:                 self.__root.wm_iconbitmap("Notepad.ico")          except:                 pass          # Set window size (the default is 300x300)           try:             self.__thisWidth = kwargs['width']         except KeyError:             pass          try:             self.__thisHeight = kwargs['height']         except KeyError:             pass          # Set the window text         self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")           # Center the window         screenWidth = self.__root.winfo_screenwidth()         screenHeight = self.__root.winfo_screenheight()               # For left-alling         left = (screenWidth / 2) - (self.__thisWidth / 2)                    # For right-allign         top = (screenHeight / 2) - (self.__thisHeight /2)                    # For top and bottom         self.__root.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (self.__thisWidth,                                               self.__thisHeight,                                               left, top))            # To make the textarea auto resizable         self.__root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)         self.__root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)           # Add controls (widget)         self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky = N + E + S + W)                   # To open new file         self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="New",                                         command=self.__newFile)                       # To open a already existing file         self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Open",                                         command=self.__openFile)                   # To save current file         self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Save",                                         command=self.__saveFile)               # To create a line in the dialog                 self.__thisFileMenu.add_separator()                                                  self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Exit",                                         command=self.__quitApplication)         self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="File",                                        menu=self.__thisFileMenu)                        # To give a feature of cut          self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Cut",                                         command=self.__cut)                            # to give a feature of copy             self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Copy",                                         command=self.__copy)                            # To give a feature of paste         self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Paste",                                         command=self.__paste)                            # To give a feature of editing         self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Edit",                                        menu=self.__thisEditMenu)                        # To create a feature of description of the notepad         self.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label="About Notepad",                                         command=self.__showAbout)          self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Help",                                        menu=self.__thisHelpMenu)           self.__root.config(menu=self.__thisMenuBar)           self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)                                       # Scrollbar will adjust automatically according to the content                 self.__thisScrollBar.config(command=self.__thisTextArea.yview)              self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand=self.__thisScrollBar.set)                     def __quitApplication(self):         self.__root.destroy()         # exit()       def __showAbout(self):         showinfo("Notepad","Mrinal Verma")       def __openFile(self):                   self.__file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt",                                       filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),                                         ("Text Documents","*.txt")])           if self.__file == "":                           # no file to open             self.__file = None        else:                           # Try to open the file             # set the window title             self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")             self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)               file = open(self.__file,"r")               self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0,file.read())               file.close()                 def __newFile(self):         self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")         self.__file = None        self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)       def __saveFile(self):           if self.__file == None:             # Save as new file             self.__file = asksaveasfilename(initialfile='Untitled.txt',                                             defaultextension=".txt",                                             filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),                                                 ("Text Documents","*.txt")])               if self.__file == "":                 self.__file = None            else:                                   # Try to save the file                 file = open(self.__file,"w")                 file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))                 file.close()                                   # Change the window title                 self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")                                         else:             file = open(self.__file,"w")             file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))             file.close()       def __cut(self):         self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<>")       def __copy(self):         self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<>")       def __paste(self):         self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<>")       def run(self):           # Run main application         self.__root.mainloop()         # Run main application notepad = Notepad(width=600,height=400) notepad.run() 

要运行此代码，请使用扩展名.py保存，然后打开cmd(命令提示符)并移至保存的文件的位置，然后编写以下内容

python "filename".py 

然后按回车，它将运行。或者可以通过双击.py扩展文件直接运行。

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