对于较小的例子,由于元素的多样性有限,您可以使用集合和dict理解:>>> mylist = [1,1,1,1,1,1,2,3,2,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,5,5]
>>> {k:mylist.count(k) for k in set(mylist)}
{1: 6, 2: 5, 3: 3, 4: 1, 5: 4}
要将其分解,set(mylist)取消对列表的求值,使其更紧凑:
^{pr2}$
然后dictionary comprehension逐步处理唯一值并从列表中设置计数。在
这也比使用Counter和setdefault要快得多:from __future__ import print_function
from collections import Counter
from collections import defaultdict
import random
mylist=[1,1,1,1,1,1,2,3,2,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,5,5]*10
def s1(mylist):
return {k:mylist.count(k) for k in set(mylist)}
def s2(mlist):
return Counter(mylist)
def s3(mylist):
mydict=dict()
for index in mylist:
mydict[index] = mydict.setdefault(index, 0) + 1
return mydict
def s4(mylist):
mydict={}.fromkeys(mylist,0)
for k in mydict:
mydict[k]=mylist.count(k)
return mydict
def s5(mylist):
mydict={}
for k in mylist:
mydict[k]=mydict.get(k,0)+1
return mydict
def s6(mylist):
mydict=defaultdict(int)
for i in mylist:
mydict[i] += 1
return mydict
def s7(mylist):
mydict={}.fromkeys(mylist,0)
for e in mylist:
mydict[e]+=1
return mydict
if __name__ == '__main__':
import timeit
n=1000000
print(timeit.timeit("s1(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s1, mylist",number=n))
print(timeit.timeit("s2(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s2, mylist, Counter",number=n))
print(timeit.timeit("s3(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s3, mylist",number=n))
print(timeit.timeit("s4(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s4, mylist",number=n))
print(timeit.timeit("s5(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s5, mylist",number=n))
print(timeit.timeit("s6(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s6, mylist, defaultdict",number=n))
print(timeit.timeit("s7(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s7, mylist",number=n))
在我打印的机器上(Python 3):18.123854104997008 # set and dict comprehension
78.54796334600542 # Counter
33.98185228800867 # setdefault
19.0563529439969 # fromkeys / count
34.54294775899325 # dict.get
21.134678319009254 # defaultdict
22.760544238000875 # fromkeys / loop
对于更大的列表,如1000万个整数,具有更多不同的元素(1500个随机整数),请在循环中使用defaultdict或fromkeys:from __future__ import print_function
from collections import Counter
from collections import defaultdict
import random
mylist = [random.randint(0,1500) for _ in range(10000000)]
def s1(mylist):
return {k:mylist.count(k) for k in set(mylist)}
def s2(mlist):
return Counter(mylist)
def s3(mylist):
mydict=dict()
for index in mylist:
mydict[index] = mydict.setdefault(index, 0) + 1
return mydict
def s4(mylist):
mydict={}.fromkeys(mylist,0)
for k in mydict:
mydict[k]=mylist.count(k)
return mydict
def s5(mylist):
mydict={}
for k in mylist:
mydict[k]=mydict.get(k,0)+1
return mydict
def s6(mylist):
mydict=defaultdict(int)
for i in mylist:
mydict[i] += 1
return mydict
def s7(mylist):
mydict={}.fromkeys(mylist,0)
for e in mylist:
mydict[e]+=1
return mydict
if __name__ == '__main__':
import timeit
n=1
print(timeit.timeit("s1(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s1, mylist",number=n))
print(timeit.timeit("s2(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s2, mylist, Counter",number=n))
print(timeit.timeit("s3(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s3, mylist",number=n))
print(timeit.timeit("s4(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s4, mylist",number=n))
print(timeit.timeit("s5(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s5, mylist",number=n))
print(timeit.timeit("s6(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s6, mylist, defaultdict",number=n))
print(timeit.timeit("s7(mylist)", setup="from __main__ import s7, mylist",number=n))
印刷品:2825.2697427899984 # set and dict comprehension
42.607481333994656 # Counter
22.77713537499949 # setdefault
2853.11187016801 # fromkeys / count
23.241977066005347 # dict.get
15.023175164998975 # defaultdict
18.28165417900891 # fromkeys / loop
您可以看到,与其他解决方案相比,在大列表中转发count次数适中的解决方案将受到严重/灾难性的影响。在