Linux从2.6起就加入了一套新的驱动管理和注册的机制platform平台总线,是一条虚拟的总线,设备用platform_device表示,驱动用platform_driver进行注册。相对于USB、PCI、I2C、SPI等物理总线来说,platform总线是一种虚拟、抽象出来的总线,实际中并不存在这样的总线。那为什么需要platform总线呢?其实是Linux设备驱动模型为了保持设备驱动的统一性而虚拟出来的总线。因为对于usb设备、i2c设备、pci设备、spi设备等等,他们与cpu的通信都是直接挂在相应的总线下面与我们的cpu进行数据交互的,但是在我们的嵌入式系统当中,并不是所有的设备都能够归属于这些常见的总线,在嵌入式系统里面,SoC系统中集成的独立的外设控制器、挂接在SoC内存空间的外设却不依附与此类总线。所以Linux驱动模型为了保持完整性,将这些设备挂在一条虚拟的总线上(platform总线),而不至于使得有些设备挂在总线上,另一些设备没有挂在总线上。
platform总线的相关代码主要在:kernel-4.9\drivers\base\platform.c
相关结构代码在:kernel-4.9/include/linux/platform_device.h
struct platform_device {
const char *name;
int id;
bool id_auto;
struct device dev;
u32 num_resources;
struct resource *resource;
const struct platform_device_id *id_entry;
char *driver_override; /* Driver name to force a match */
/* MFD cell pointer */
struct mfd_cell *mfd_cell;
/* arch specific additions */
struct pdev_archdata archdata;
};
struct platform_driver {
int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);
int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);
void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);
int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);
int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);
struct device_driver driver;
const struct platform_device_id *id_table;
bool prevent_deferred_probe;
};
其中,platform_device 有一个成员是struct resource,它定义在kernel-4.9\include\linux\ioport.h
/*
* Resources are tree-like, allowing
* nesting etc..
*/
struct resource {
resource_size_t start;
resource_size_t end;
const char *name;
unsigned long flags;
unsigned long desc;
struct resource *parent, *sibling, *child;
};
注册和卸载设备&设备驱动
/*
* use a macro to avoid include chaining to get THIS_MODULE
*/
#define platform_driver_register(drv) \
__platform_driver_register(drv, THIS_MODULE)
extern int __platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *,
struct module *);
extern void platform_driver_unregister(struct platform_driver *);
extern int platform_device_register(struct platform_device *);
extern void platform_device_unregister(struct platform_device *);
设备和设备驱动绑定,是通过比较名字是否一致来确认的,具体方法定义在kernel-4.9\drivers\base\platform.c
可以看到驱动部分是通过platform_driver的成员driver的名字来比较的。
/**
* platform_match - bind platform device to platform driver.
* @dev: device.
* @drv: driver.
*
* Platform device IDs are assumed to be encoded like this:
* "<name><instance>", where <name> is a short description of the type of
* device, like "pci" or "floppy", and <instance> is the enumerated
* instance of the device, like '0' or '42'. Driver IDs are simply
* "<name>". So, extract the <name> from the platform_device structure,
* and compare it against the name of the driver. Return whether they match
* or not.
*/
static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);
/* When driver_override is set, only bind to the matching driver */
if (pdev->driver_override)
return !strcmp(pdev->driver_override, drv->name);
/* Attempt an OF style match first */
if (of_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
return 1;
/* Then try ACPI style match */
if (acpi_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
return 1;
/* Then try to match against the id table */
if (pdrv->id_table)
return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL;
/* fall-back to driver name match */
return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0);
}
static const struct platform_device_id *platform_match_id(
const struct platform_device_id *id,
struct platform_device *pdev)
{
while (id->name[0]) {
if (strcmp(pdev->name, id->name) == 0) {
pdev->id_entry = id;
return id;
}
id++;
}
return NULL;
}
就一般项目来说,device被定义在dts中可能性比较高,可以通过struct of_device_id结构将device和driver关联。
static const struct of_device_id my_led_match[] = {
{ .compatible = "my-led-name" },
{ /* Sentinel */ }
};
static struct platform_driver my_led_driver = {
.probe = my_led_probe,
.driver = {
.name = "my-led-name",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.of_match_table = my_led_match,
},
};
这了需要保证.compatible的名字、.driver中的.name的名字还有dts中定义的名字是一致的。
my-led-name : my_led{
compatible = "my-led-name";
enable-active-high;
my_led-gpio = <&gpio2 3 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
status = "okay";
};