python存储json数据_Python——数据存储：JSON操作

JSON格式的数据格式广泛使用在各种应用中，比XML格式更轻量级，所以现在很多应用都选择JSON格式保存数据，尤其是需要通过网络传输（如socket传输）数据时，这对于移动应用更具有优势。JSON格式数据比XML格式的数据量更小，所以传输速度更快，也更节省数据流量（省钱），因此，在移动APP应用中，几乎都是采用了JSON格式。

JSON格式的数据可以保存数组和对象。JSON数组用一对中括号'[ ]'将数据括起来；JSON对象用一对大括号'{ }'将数据括起来。本文介绍JSON字符串与字典的互相转换、JSON字符串与类实例互转、JSON与XML互转等知识点。

一、JSON字符串与字典互转实例

import json

#定义一个字典

datadict = {

'name':'Bill',

'company':'Microsoft',

'age':34

}

#定义一个列表

datalist =[20,'names',

{'name':'Bill','age':30,'salary':2000},

{'name':'Chen','age':40,'salary':3000},

{'name':'Ling','age':50,'salary':4000}

]

# 将字典转换为json字符串

jsonstr1 = json.dumps(datadict)

print(jsonstr1)

print('-----------------------')

#输出：{"company": "Microsoft", "name": "Bill", "age": 34}

# 将列表转换为json字符串

jsonstr2 = json.dumps(datalist)

print(jsonstr2) #输出：{"company": "Microsoft", "name": "Bill", "age": 34}

print('-----------------------')

#输出：[20, "names", {"age": 30, "name": "Bill", "salary": 2000}, {"age": 40, "name": "Chen", "salary": 3000}, {"age": 50, "name": "Ling", "salary": 4000}]

# 将JSON字符串转成字典

data = json.loads(jsonstr1)

print(type(data))

print(data)

# 输出字典：{'company': 'Microsoft', 'name': 'Bill', 'age': 34}

# 将JSON字符串转成列表

data = json.loads(jsonstr2)

print(type(data))

print(data)

二、JSON字符串与类实例互转

（一）Json串转为类实例

# 1、用类实例

class Product:

def __init__(self, d):

self.__dict__ = d

# f = open('./files/product.json','r')

# jsonstr = f.read()

jsonstr = '''

{"name":"iPhone9",

"price":9999,

"count":3000

}

'''

my1 = json.loads(jsonstr,object_hook=Product)

print(my1.__dict__)

print('name={}'.format(my1.name))

print('price={}'.format(my1.price))

print('count={}'.format(my1.count))

print('------------------------------')

# 2、用回调函数

def jsontoProduct(d):

return Product(d)

my2 = json.loads(jsonstr,object_hook=jsontoProduct)

print(my2.__dict__)

print('name={}'.format(my2.name))

print('price={}'.format(my2.price))

print('count={}'.format(my2.count))

# f.close()

# 输出：

'''

{'count': 3000, 'price': 9999, 'name': 'iPhone9'}

name=iPhone9

price=9999

count=3000

------------------------------

{'count': 3000, 'price': 9999, 'name': 'iPhone9'}

name=iPhone9

price=9999

count=3000

'''

（二）类实例转成JSON串

class Product:

def __init__(self,name,price,count):

self.name = name

self.price = price

self.count = count

def producttoDict(obj):

return {

'name':obj.name,

'price':obj.price,

'count':obj.count

}

product = Product('特斯拉',30000000,10)

jsonstr = json.dumps(product,default=producttoDict,ensure_ascii=False)

print(jsonstr)

#输出：{"name": "特斯拉", "count": 10, "price": 30000000}

（三）类实例列表与JSON串互转

# f = open('./files/products.json','r',encoding='utf-8')

# jsonstr = f.read()

jsonstr = '''

[

{

"name":"iPhone9",

"price":9999.9,

"count":2000

},

{

"name":"特斯拉",

"price":1000000,

"count":123

}

]

'''

class Product:

def __init__(self, d):

self.__dict__ = d

products = json.loads(jsonstr,object_hook=Product)

for p in products:

print('name={}'.format(p.name))

print('price={}'.format(p.price))

print('count={}'.format(p.count))

print('====================')

# f.close()

def producttoDict(product):

return {

'name':product.name,

'price':product.price,

'count':product.count

}

jsonstr2 = json.dumps(products,default=producttoDict,ensure_ascii=False)

print(jsonstr2)

# 输出：

'''

name=iPhone9

price=9999.9

count=2000

====================

name=特斯拉

price=1000000

count=123

====================

[{"price": 9999.9, "name": "iPhone9", "count": 2000}, {"price": 1000000, "name": "特斯拉", "count": 123}]

'''

三、JSON格式与XML格式互转

import json

import dicttoxml

import xmltodict

# f=open('./files/products.json','r',encoding='utf-8')

# jsonstr = f.read()

jsonstr = '''

[

{

"name":"iPhone9",

"price":9999.9,

"count":2000

},

{

"name":"特斯拉",

"price":1000000,

"count":123

}

]

'''

dicts = json.loads(jsonstr)

# f.close()

print('1、------------------------')

print(dicts)

print('2、------------------------')

xmlstr = dicttoxml.dicttoxml(dicts).decode('utf-8')

print(xmlstr)

print('3、-------------------------')

dict2 = xmltodict.parse(xmlstr) #字典

jsonstr2 = json.dumps(dict2)

print(jsonstr2)

dict3 = json.loads(jsonstr2)

print(type(dict3))

print(dict3)

for li in dict3['root']['item']:

print(li['name']['#text'])

print(li['price']['#text'])

print(li['count']['#text'])

print('-----------------')

# 输出：

'''

1、------------------------

[{'count': 2000, 'price': 9999.9, 'name': 'iPhone9'}, {'count': 123, 'price': 1000000, 'name': '特斯拉'}]

2、------------------------

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>20009999.9iPhone91231000000特斯拉

3、-------------------------

{"root": {"item": [{"@type": "dict", "count": {"@type": "int", "#text": "2000"}, "price": {"@type": "float", "#text": "9999.9"}, "name": {"@type": "str", "#text": "iPhone9"}}, {"@type": "dict", "count": {"@type": "int", "#text": "123"}, "price": {"@type": "int", "#text": "1000000"}, "name": {"@type": "str", "#text": "\u7279\u65af\u62c9"}}]}}

{'root': {'item': [{'@type': 'dict', 'price': {'@type': 'float', '#text': '9999.9'}, 'name': {'@type': 'str', '#text': 'iPhone9'}, 'count': {'@type': 'int', '#text': '2000'}}, {'@type': 'dict', 'price': {'@type': 'int', '#text': '1000000'}, 'name': {'@type': 'str', '#text': '特斯拉'}, 'count': {'@type': 'int', '#text': '123'}}]}}

iPhone9

9999.9

2000

-----------------

特斯拉

1000000

123

-----------------

'''

参考文献：

1、《python从菜鸟到高手》，作者：李宁