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和我博客前一篇文章 银河麒麟 arm64 系统上 k8s 集群跨节点不通的一次排查 不一样,从来没遇到过这样的问题,这里记录下。实施在客户那边部署业务后,业务在浏览器上无法访问,我远程上去查看日志发现 pod 内部无法 DNS 无法解析,nginx 连不上 upsteam 报错而启动失败,实际上也是跨节点不通。实际排查过程也有往错误的方向浪费了一些时间和尝试,就不写进来了,以正确的角度写下排查过程。
环境信息
OS 是 arm64 的银河麒麟系统:
$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Kylin Linux Advanced Server"
VERSION="V10 (Tercel)"
ID="kylin"
VERSION_ID="V10"
PRETTY_NAME="Kylin Linux Advanced Server V10 (Tercel)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
$ uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 4.19.90-17.ky10.aarch64 #1 SMP Sun Jun 28 14:27:40 CST 2020 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux
集群信息(和集群版本没关系):
$ kubectl version -o json
{
"clientVersion": {
"major": "1",
"minor": "15",
"gitVersion": "v1.15.12",
"gitCommit": "e2a822d9f3c2fdb5c9bfbe64313cf9f657f0a725",
"gitTreeState": "clean",
"buildDate": "2020-05-06T05:17:59Z",
"goVersion": "go1.12.17",
"compiler": "gc",
"platform": "linux/arm64"
},
"serverVersion": {
"major": "1",
"minor": "15",
"gitVersion": "v1.15.12",
"gitCommit": "e2a822d9f3c2fdb5c9bfbe64313cf9f657f0a725",
"gitTreeState": "clean",
"buildDate": "2020-05-06T05:09:48Z",
"goVersion": "go1.12.17",
"compiler": "gc",
"platform": "linux/arm64"
}
}
node 信息:
$ kubectl get node -o wide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
172.18.27.252 Ready master,node 32h v1.15.12 172.18.27.252 <none> Kylin Linux Advanced Server V10 (Tercel) 4.19.90-17.ky10.aarch64 docker://18.9.0
172.18.27.253 Ready master,node 32h v1.15.12 172.18.27.253 <none> Kylin Linux Advanced Server V10 (Tercel) 4.19.90-17.ky10.aarch64 docker://18.9.0
172.18.27.254 Ready master,node 32h v1.15.12 172.18.27.254 <none> Kylin Linux Advanced Server V10 (Tercel) 4.19.90-17.ky10.aarch64 docker://18.9.0
coredns 信息:
$ kubectl -n kube-system get po -o wide -l k8s-app=kube-dns
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
coredns-677d9c57f-pqvfv 1/1 Running 1 21h 10.187.0.5 172.18.27.253 <none> <none>
coredns-677d9c57f-zjf86 1/1 Running 1 4h45m 10.187.1.12 172.18.27.252 <none> <none>
排查过程
命令都是在 172.18.27.252
上执行的,用 dig @coredns_svc_ip +short kubernetes.default.svc.cluster1.local
测发现时而能解析,时而不能解析,然后发现是跨节点的问题。
在 172.18.27.252
上去请求 172.18.27.253
上的 coredns 的 metrics 接口:
curl -I 10.187.0.5:9153/metrics
然后在 172.18.27.253
上抓包:
$ tcpdump -nn -i flannel.1 host 10.187.0.5 and port 9153
dropped privs to tcpdump
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on flannel.1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
^C
0 packets captured
0 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
没有包,在 172.18.27.253
上抓了下 8472
端口是正常能收包的。像之前的那个文章 银河麒麟 arm64 系统上 k8s 集群跨节点不通的一次排查 看了下,253 机器上查看路由也没问题:
$ ip route get 10.187.1.0
10.187.1.0 via 10.187.1.0 dev flannel.1 src 10.187.0.0 uid 0
cache
当时各种手段看了个遍,结果有点眉目了(我应该像上篇文章一样先看下 vxlan 的 vtep 信息的。。。):
$ kubectl get node -o yaml | grep -A3 Vtep
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-data: '{"VtepMAC":"fe:22:77:eb:2f:a4"}'
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-type: vxlan
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/kube-subnet-manager: "true"
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/public-ip: 172.18.27.252
--
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-data: '{"VtepMAC":"fe:22:77:eb:2f:a4"}'
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-type: vxlan
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/kube-subnet-manager: "true"
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/public-ip: 172.18.27.253
--
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-data: '{"VtepMAC":"fe:22:77:eb:2f:a4"}'
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-type: vxlan
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/kube-subnet-manager: "true"
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/public-ip: 172.18.27.254
vtep 的 mac 地址都一样,查看下,发现三台机器都是一样的,看下网卡和 flannel.1 的信息:
$ ip -4 a s enp1s0
2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether dc:2d:cb:17:3e:a1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.18.27.252/25 brd 172.18.27.255 scope global noprefixroute enp1s0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
$ ip -d link show flannel.1
394: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether fe:22:77:eb:2f:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 1 minmtu 68 maxmtu 65535
vxlan id 1 local 172.18.27.252 dev enp1s0 srcport 0 0 dstport 8472 nolearning ttl auto ageing 300 udpcsum noudp6zerocsumtx noudp6zerocsumrx addrgenmode none numtxqueues 1 numrxqueues 1 gso_max_size 65536 gso_max_segs 65535
# 另一台机器
$ ip -4 a s enp1s0
2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether dc:2d:cb:17:3e:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.18.27.254/25 brd 172.18.27.255 scope global noprefixroute enp1s0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
$ ip -d link show flannel.1
66: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether fe:22:77:eb:2f:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0 minmtu 68 maxmtu 65535
vxlan id 1 local 172.18.27.254 dev enp1s0 srcport 0 0 dstport 8472 nolearning ttl auto ageing 300 udpcsum noudp6zerocsumtx noudp6zerocsumrx addrgenmode none numtxqueues 1 numrxqueues 1 gso_max_size 65536 gso_max_segs 65535
可以看到网卡 enp1s0 的 mac 是不一样的,查看了下几个机器的网卡配置文件的 UUID 和 HWADDR 都不一样。上面命令可以看出只有 flannel.1 的 MAC 是一样,尝试删除然后重启 flanneld 看看重建咋样:
$ ip link set flannel.1 down
$ ip link set flannel.1 up
$ ip -d link show flannel.1
4: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether fe:22:77:eb:2f:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0 minmtu 68 maxmtu 65535
vxlan id 1 local 172.18.27.253 dev enp1s0 srcport 0 0 dstport 8472 nolearning ttl auto ageing 300 udpcsum noudp6zerocsumtx noudp6zerocsumrx addrgenmode none numtxqueues 1 numrxqueues 1 gso_max_size 65536 gso_max_segs 65535
$ ip link delete flannel.1
$ docker ps -a |grep -m1 flanneld
0aa5998260ba 122cdb7aa710 "/opt/bin/flanneld -…" 5 hours ago Up 3 hours k8s_kube-flannel_kube-flannel-ds-2zqr9_kube-system_1ed6eba1-fa30-405e-83d0-314160c25313_1
$ docker restart 0aa
0aa
$ ip -d link show flannel.1
22: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether fe:22:77:eb:2f:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0 minmtu 68 maxmtu 65535
vxlan id 1 local 172.18.27.253 dev enp1s0 srcport 0 0 dstport 8472 nolearning ttl auto ageing 300 udpcsum noudp6zerocsumtx noudp6zerocsumrx addrgenmode eui64 numtxqueues 1 numrxqueues 1 gso_max_size 65536 gso_max_segs 65535
还是一摸一样,好奇这个 mac 地址如何来的,就去看了下 flannel 添加 flannel.1 的源码部分:
devAttrs := vxlanDeviceAttrs{
vni: uint32(cfg.VNI),
name: fmt.Sprintf("flannel.%v", cfg.VNI),
vtepIndex: be.extIface.Iface.Index,
vtepAddr: be.extIface.IfaceAddr,
vtepPort: cfg.Port,
gbp: cfg.GBP,
}
dev, err := newVXLANDevice(&devAttrs)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
dev.directRouting = cfg.DirectRouting
subnetAttrs, err := newSubnetAttrs(be.extIface.ExtAddr, dev.MACAddr())
dev.MACAddr()
是直接 return 的 dev.link.HardwareAddr
,goland 里 find usage 下压根没找到赋值的地方。(可以加代码打印下到底 mac 地址从哪里获取的,但是环境是远程的,得一次一次编译发过去太麻烦了我就没弄了)毫无头绪乱排查了一段时间。然后突发奇想手动按照 vxlan 创建的步骤测试添加下看看:
$ ip link add test type vxlan id 2 dev enp1s0 local 10.186.0.0 dstport 8473 nolearning
$ ip -d link show test
696: test: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1450 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether ca:32:f1:0d:c6:dc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0 minmtu 68 maxmtu 65535
vxlan id 2 local 10.186.0.0 dev enp1s0 srcport 0 0 dstport 8473 nolearning ttl auto ageing 300 udpcsum noudp6zerocsumtx noudp6zerocsumrx addrgenmode eui64 numtxqueues 1 numrxqueues 1 gso_max_size 65536 gso_max_segs 65535
$ ip link delete test
$ ip link add test type vxlan id 2 dev enp1s0 local 10.186.0.0 dstport 8473 nolearning
$ ip -d link show test
697: test: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1450 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether ca:32:f1:0d:c6:dc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0 minmtu 68 maxmtu 65535
vxlan id 2 local 10.186.0.0 dev enp1s0 srcport 0 0 dstport 8473 nolearning ttl auto ageing 300 udpcsum noudp6zerocsumtx noudp6zerocsumrx addrgenmode eui64 numtxqueues 1 numrxqueues 1 gso_max_size 65536 gso_max_segs 65535
发现手动创建的网络设备 mac 居然也是一样的(实际上 ide 里找上面那个 HardwareAddr
的赋值是在引入的一个 netlink
包里赋值的,也就是说 flannel 创建接口的时候和手动添加类似,没有直接设置 mac 地址,而是系统返回的),然后同样步骤在我机器上测试是不一样的,看了下客户是啥服务器,发现居然是虚机。
$ cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_name
KVM Virtual Machine
三台机器上添加接口的 mac 地址都是一样的,机器是不是克隆的?询问了下同事,同事说是的。其实这就是引起故障的根源,应该内部 mac 地址默认是不随机的策略。
查看下网卡策略是咋样的:
$ networkctl status flannel.1
$ networkctl status enp1s0
居然都为空,ubuntu 的机器上是有个优先级低的 link 文件的:
$ networkctl status enp10s0
● 2: enp10s0
Link File: /lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
Network File: n/a
Type: ether
State: n/a (unmanaged)
Path: platform-80040000000.pcie-controller-pci-0000:0a:00.0
Driver: igb
Vendor: Intel Corporation
Model: I210 Gigabit Network Connection
HW Address: 00:09:06:xx:xx:xx (Esteem Networks)
Address: 10.226.45.23
fe80::209:xxx:xxxx:xxxx
Gateway: 10.226.45.254
一些云主机我看也没这个文件,但是上面添加的接口每次 mac 不一样,应该其他 OS 改了默认的行为。
解决方法
我们可以用 systemd 写一个 link 配置文件改变策略:
cat<<'EOF'>/etc/systemd/network/10-flannel.link
[Match]
OriginalName=flannel*
[Link]
MACAddressPolicy=none
EOF
# 一开始只添加上面的,结果重启后文件没了,下面的文件也追加了下,然后重启还是失效。
# 然后上下两个步骤都整就行了。如果你也遇到了,先单独上面的文件试试,不行再下面的也加上试试。
$ cat<<'EOF'>>/etc/systemd/networkd.conf
[Match]
OriginalName=flannel*
[Link]
MACAddressPolicy=none
EOF
确认生效文件
$ networkctl status flannel.1
● 36: flannel.1
Link File: /etc/systemd/network/10-flannel.link
Network File: n/a
Type: vxlan
State: routable (unmanaged)
Driver: vxlan
HW Address: fe:22:77:eb:2f:a4
MTU: 1450 (min: 68, max: 65535)
VNI: 1
Local: 172.18.27.252
Destination Port: 8472
Underlying Device: enp1s0
Queue Length (Tx/Rx): 1/1
Address: 10.187.1.0
再测试下:
$ ip -d link show flannel.1
4: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether fe:22:77:eb:2f:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0 minmtu 68 maxmtu 65535
vxlan id 1 local 172.18.27.253 dev enp1s0 srcport 0 0 dstport 8472 nolearning ttl auto ageing 300 udpcsum noudp6zerocsumtx noudp6zerocsumrx addrgenmode eui64 numtxqueues 1 numrxqueues 1 gso_max_size 65536 gso_max_segs 65535
$ ip link delete flannel.1
$ docker ps -a | grep -m1 flanneld
f8759c103131 122cdb7aa710 "/opt/bin/flanneld -…" 27 minutes ago Up 27 minutes k8s_kube-flannel_kube-flannel-ds-85kps_kube-system_127265f3-f3ea-4f89-87e1-aa6c0e0d356f_0
$ docker restart f87
f87
$ ip -d link show flannel.1
36: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether 1a:e0:cc:e3:a7:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0 minmtu 68 maxmtu 65535
vxlan id 1 local 172.18.27.253 dev enp1s0 srcport 0 0 dstport 8472 nolearning ttl auto ageing 300 udpcsum noudp6zerocsumtx noudp6zerocsumrx addrgenmode eui64 numtxqueues 1 numrxqueues 1 gso_max_size 65536 gso_max_segs 65535
果然变了,如果没变尝试把 none
改成 random
试试。然后每个节点这样操作后,查看下了下 vtep 信息正常了。
$ kubectl get node -o yaml | grep -A3 Vtep
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-data: '{"VtepMAC":"9a:1e:00:9d:0c:60"}'
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-type: vxlan
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/kube-subnet-manager: "true"
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/public-ip: 172.18.27.252
--
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-data: '{"VtepMAC":"1a:e0:cc:e3:a7:04"}'
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-type: vxlan
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/kube-subnet-manager: "true"
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/public-ip: 172.18.27.253
--
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-data: '{"VtepMAC":"fe:22:77:eb:2f:a4"}'
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-type: vxlan
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/kube-subnet-manager: "true"
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/public-ip: 172.18.27.254
测试下跨节点通信:
$ curl -I 10.187.0.5:9153/metrics
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 16905
Content-Type: text/plain; version=0.0.4; charset=utf-8
Date: Fri, 06 Nov 2020 01:47:31 GMT
总结
应该一开始就看下 vtep 信息的,其次应该是 os 的问题,缺少 link 文件。还有这个和 flannel 没关系,只要用到 Linux 自带的 vxlan 接口在这种场景上都会出现,例如 calico 新版本也有 vxlan 模式。
作者:张浩,金山办公软件运维开发工程师,containers/podman 的 Collaborator。目前主要从事运维和 K8S 相关的工作。