一、属性引用函数
hasattr(obj,name[,default])
getattr(obj,name)
setattr(obj,name,value)
delattr(obj,name)
二、属性引用重载
def __setattr__(self,key,value):
1.拦截所有属性的赋值语句。
2.self.attr=value 相当于 self.__setattr__("attr",value)。
3.如果在__setattr__中对任何self属性赋值,都会再调用__setattr__,导致无穷递归循环。只能self.__dict__["attr"]=value 。
def __getattribute__(self, key):
1.拦截所有的属性获取,包括未定义的属性,self.__dict__,等点号运算。
2.所有的属性先在__getattribute__中没有找到,就会抛出AttributeError,__getattr__接收这个错误,此时进入__getattr__中继续寻找。
3.如果__getattribute__没有抛出AttributeError,将不会调用__getattr__。
def __getattr__(self, key):
拦截self.attr运算。当在__dict__中未找到该属性时,在类属性中也没有找到该属性,并且在继承树中也没有找到该属性,就会调用这个方法。
def __delattr__(self,key): 删除属性
三、示例
class Square: #正方形
def __init__(self, l):
self.length= l #边长
def __getattr__(self, key):if key == "area":return "__getattr__被调用了,为了area"sq= Square(10)print(sq.length) #10
print(sq.area) #__getattr__被调用了,为了area
class Square: #正方形
def __init__(self, l):pass
def __getattr__(self, key):print("__getattr__被调用了")if key == "length":return 1111
def __getattribute__(self, key123):print("__getattribute__被调用了")#return 123456
raiseAttributeError
sq= Square(10)print(sq.length)#__getattribute__被调用了#__getattr__被调用了#1111
class Square: #正方形
def __init__(self,l):pass
def __getattr__(self, key):print("__getattr__被调用了")raise AttributeError("1111111")def __getattribute__(self, key123):print("__getattribute__被调用了")return 123456
#raise AttributeError
sq= Square(10)print(sq.length)#__getattribute__被调用了#123456
class Square: #正方形
def __init__(self, l):
self.length= l #边长
def __setattr__(self, key, value):print("调用__setattr__", "key=", key)if key == "perimeter":
self.__dict__["length"] = value / 4self.__dict__["perimeter"] =valueif key == "length":
self.__dict__["length"] =value
self.__dict__["perimeter"] = value * 4
def __getattr__(self, key):print("调用__getattr__ ,", "key =", key)if key == "area":return 960
def __getattribute__(self, key123):print("调用__getattribute__ ,", "key123 =", key123)return object.__getattribute__(self, key123)
sq= Square(10)#调用__setattr__#调用__getattribute__ , key123 = __dict__ 此时执行self.__dict__["length"] = value#调用__getattribute__ , key123 = __dict__ 此时执行self.__dict__["perimeter"] = value * 4
print(sq.length)#调用__getattribute__ , key123 = length 此时执行self.length = l # 边长
print(sq.perimeter)#调用__getattribute__ , key123 = perimeter#40
print(sq.area)#调用__getattribute__ , key123 = area#调用__getattr__ , key = area#960