python setattr 代码可读性_python __setattr__、__getattr__、__getattribute__全面详解

一、属性引用函数

hasattr(obj,name[,default])

getattr(obj,name)

setattr(obj,name,value)

delattr(obj,name)

二、属性引用重载

def __setattr__(self,key,value):

1.拦截所有属性的赋值语句。

2.self.attr=value 相当于 self.__setattr__("attr",value)。

3.如果在__setattr__中对任何self属性赋值，都会再调用__setattr__，导致无穷递归循环。只能self.__dict__["attr"]=value 。

def __getattribute__(self, key):

1.拦截所有的属性获取，包括未定义的属性，self.__dict__，等点号运算。

2.所有的属性先在__getattribute__中没有找到，就会抛出AttributeError，__getattr__接收这个错误，此时进入__getattr__中继续寻找。

3.如果__getattribute__没有抛出AttributeError，将不会调用__getattr__。

def __getattr__(self, key):

拦截self.attr运算。当在__dict__中未找到该属性时，在类属性中也没有找到该属性，并且在继承树中也没有找到该属性，就会调用这个方法。

def __delattr__(self,key): 删除属性

三、示例

class Square: #正方形

def __init__(self, l):

self.length= l #边长

def __getattr__(self, key):if key == "area":return "__getattr__被调用了，为了area"sq= Square(10)print(sq.length) #10

print(sq.area) #__getattr__被调用了，为了area

class Square: #正方形

def __init__(self, l):pass

def __getattr__(self, key):print("__getattr__被调用了")if key == "length":return 1111

def __getattribute__(self, key123):print("__getattribute__被调用了")#return 123456

raiseAttributeError

sq= Square(10)print(sq.length)#__getattribute__被调用了#__getattr__被调用了#1111

class Square: #正方形

def __init__(self,l):pass

def __getattr__(self, key):print("__getattr__被调用了")raise AttributeError("1111111")def __getattribute__(self, key123):print("__getattribute__被调用了")return 123456

#raise AttributeError

sq= Square(10)print(sq.length)#__getattribute__被调用了#123456

class Square: #正方形

def __init__(self, l):

self.length= l #边长

def __setattr__(self, key, value):print("调用__setattr__", "key=", key)if key == "perimeter":

self.__dict__["length"] = value / 4self.__dict__["perimeter"] =valueif key == "length":

self.__dict__["length"] =value

self.__dict__["perimeter"] = value * 4

def __getattr__(self, key):print("调用__getattr__ ,", "key =", key)if key == "area":return 960

def __getattribute__(self, key123):print("调用__getattribute__ ,", "key123 =", key123)return object.__getattribute__(self, key123)

sq= Square(10)#调用__setattr__#调用__getattribute__ , key123 = __dict__ 此时执行self.__dict__["length"] = value#调用__getattribute__ , key123 = __dict__ 此时执行self.__dict__["perimeter"] = value * 4

print(sq.length)#调用__getattribute__ , key123 = length 此时执行self.length = l # 边长

print(sq.perimeter)#调用__getattribute__ , key123 = perimeter#40

print(sq.area)#调用__getattribute__ , key123 = area#调用__getattr__ , key = area#960