t-testpython_Python-56 用numpy和scipy.stats 进行t-test检验 2020-09-05

对于两组数据之间真的存在差异，需要进行t检验。用python可以同样实现这个功能。具体代码与解释如下：

import numpy as np

group1 = np.array([12, 15])

group2 = np.array([15, 17])

#find variance for each group

print(np.var(group1), np.var(group2))

import scipy.stats as stats

#perform two sample t-test with equal variances

print(stats.ttest_ind(a=group1, b=group2, equal_var=True))

得到的结果为：

image.png

由于p值大于0.05，假设不成立，即两组之间不存在显著差异。

如果换了个数据，如下：

import numpy as np

group1 = np.array([11, 8])

group2 = np.array([19, 17])

#Next, we’ll use the ttest_ind() function from the scipy.

# stats library to conduct a two sample t-test,

# which uses the following syntax: ttest_ind(a, b, equal_var=True) where:

# a: an array of sample observations for group 1

# b: an array of sample observations for group 2 equal_var:

# if True, perform a standard independent 2 sample t-test

# that assumes equal population variances.

# If False, perform Welch’s t-test, which does not assume e

# qual population variances.

# This is True by default. Before we perform the test,

# we need to decide if we’ll assume the two populations have equal variances or not.

# As a rule of thumb, we can assume

# the populations have equal variances

# if the ratio of the larger sample variance to the smaller sample variance is

# less than 4:1.

#find variance for each group

print(np.var(group1), np.var(group2))

print( 2.25/1.0)

#The ratio of the

# larger sample variance to the smaller sample variance is 2.25 / 1.0 = 2.25<4,

#which is less than 4. This means we can assume that the population variances are equal.

#Thus, we can proceed to perform the two sample t-test with equal variances:

import scipy.stats as stats

#perform two sample t-test with equal variances

print(stats.ttest_ind(a=group1, b=group2, equal_var=True))

得到的结果为：

image.png

即：pvalue=0.042158511307681217<0.05 ，因此，两组数据存在显著差异。

对结果的解释方法为：

·此特定的两个样本t检验的两个假设如下：

·H0：µ1 = µ2（两个总体均值相等）

·HA：µ1≠µ2（两个总体均值不相等）

·由于我们测试的p值（0.042158511307681217）小于于alpha = 0.05，因此我们拒绝测试的原假设。

·我们足够的证据说两个种群之间植物的平均高度不同。