I'm trying to simulate a lottery and have a little problem with my functions. Here's what I'm trying to do:
run window1()
window1() --> destroy_window1() --> window2()
window2() --> destroy window2 or retry() --> window1()
The error occurs when I reach destroy_window1(), where i get the following message: "NameError: name 'e1' is not defined". How can I solve this problem?
I've read that you should pre-define the variables outside the functions. So, I tried to just put e1 = 1 etc., but then i get the message: "AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'get'". Since it's an entry, I don't know how to pre-define it.
from tkinter import*
import random
Part1 = list(range(1,51))
Part2 = list(range(1,11))
Numbers = [0]*7
for n in range (5):
Number = random.choice(Part1)
Position = Part1.index(Number)
del Part1[Position]
Numbers[n] = Number
for i in range (2):
Number = random.choice(Part2)
Position = Part2.index(Number)
del Part2[Position]
Numbers[5+i] = Number
print (Numbers)
def destroy_window1():
global Guess
Guess = [e1.get(), e2.get(), e3.get(), e4.get(), e5.get(), e6.get(), e7.get()]
master1.destroy()
window2()
def retry():
master2.destroy()
window1()
def window1():
master1 = Tk()
master1.title('Lottery')
Label(master1, text="Guess numbers:").grid(row=0)
e1 = Entry(master1, width=2)
e2 = Entry(master1, width=2)
e3 = Entry(master1, width=2)
e4 = Entry(master1, width=2)
e5 = Entry(master1, width=2)
e6 = Entry(master1, width=2)
e7 = Entry(master1, width=2)
e1.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5)
e2.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5)
e3.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=5)
e4.grid(row=0, column=4, padx=5)
e5.grid(row=0, column=5, padx=5)
e6.grid(row=0, column=7, padx=5)
e7.grid(row=0, column=8, padx=5)
master1.grid_columnconfigure(6, minsize=20) # Creates an empty column (nr. 6) with width 20
Button(master1, text='OK', command=destroy_window1).grid(row=3, column=3, sticky=W, pady=5)
master1.mainloop()
def window2():
master2 = Tk()
master2.title('Check results')
Label(master2, text="Drawn numbers:").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W)
Label(master2, text="Your numbers:").grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
for n in range (7):
Label(master2, text=Numbers[n]).grid(row=0, column=n+1, sticky=W, padx=5)
if str(Numbers[n]) == Guess[n]:
Label(master2, text=Guess[n], bg="green").grid(row=1, column=n+1, sticky=W, padx=5)
else:
Label(master2, text=Guess[n], bg="red").grid(row=1, column=n+1, sticky=W, padx=5)
Button(master2, text='Quit', command=master2.destroy).grid(row=3, column=3, sticky=W, pady=5)
Button(master2, text='Retry', command=retry).grid(row=3, column=4, sticky=W, pady=5)
master2.mainloop ()
window1()
I can't vote up yet, thanks in advance!
解决方案The error occurs when I reach destroy_window1(), where i get the following message: "NameError: name 'e1' is not defined". How can I solve this problem?
The problem is that the destroy_window1() function doesn't know about the e1 variable, because e1 is defined within the window1() function (and its not global).
A simple fix is to put all the e variables into a list and pass that list as an argument to the destroy_window1() function. Make the list with a simple for loop, this not only solves your problem, but it also makes your code cleaner, easier to read, and easier to change it's functionality in future.
Like so:
def destroy_window1(e_list):
global Guess
Guess = []
for e_item in e_list:
Guess.append(e_item.get())
master1.destroy()
window2()
def window1():
master1 = Tk()
master1.title('Lottery')
Label(master1, text="Guess numbers:").grid(row=0)
e_list = []
for i in range(7):
temp_e = e1 = Entry(master1, width=2)
temp_e.grid(row=0, column=i, padx=5)
e_list.append(temp_e)
master1.grid_columnconfigure(6, minsize=20) # Creates an empty column (nr. 6) with width 20
Button(master1, text='OK', command=lambda :destroy_window1(e_list)).grid(row=3, column=3, sticky=W, pady=5)
master1.mainloop()
Part of this solution involves a lambda function. This is because (as you may have noticed) the command option normally can't take arguments for the functions. The use of a lambda functions makes this possible. (Read up on Lambda Functions Here)