requests payload_Requests库简介★

#####一、什么是Requests？

Requests 是在 urllib 的基础上搞出来的新库，需要在命令行运行pip install requests安装这个库。

#####二、Requests使用方法

1、导入 requests 模块

```

import requests

```

2、一行代码 Get 请求

```

r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')

```

3、一行代码 Post 请求

```

r = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post',data={'key':'value'})

```

4、其它乱七八糟的 Http 请求

```

>>> r = requests.put('https://httpbin.org/put',data={'key':'value'})

>>> r = requests.delete('https://httpbin.org/delete')

>>> r = requests.head('https://httpbin.org/get')

>>> r = requests.options('https://httpbin.org/get')

```

5、想要携带请求参数

```

>>> payload = {'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'}

>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get',params=payload)

```

6、假装自己是浏览器

```

>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'

>>> headers = {'user-agent':'my-app/0.0.1'}

>>> r = requests.get(url,headers=headers)

```

7、获取服务器响应文本内容

```

>>> import requests

>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')

>>> r.text

u'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"Build software better, together...]'

>>> r.encoding

'utf-8'

```

8、获取字节响应内容

```

>>> r.content

b'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"Build software better, together...

```

9、获取响应码

```

>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get')

>>> r.status_code

200

```

10、获取响应头

```

>>> r.headers

{

'content-encoding': 'gzip',

'transfer-encoding': 'chunked',

'connection': 'close',

'server': 'nginx/1.0.4',

'x-runtime': '148ms',

'etag': '"e1ca502697e5c9317743dc078f67693f"',

'content-type': 'application/json'

}

```

11、获取 Json 响应内容

```

>>> import requests

>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')

>>> r.json()

[{u'repository': {u'open_issues': 0, u'url': 'Build software better, together...

```

12、获取 socket 流响应内容

```

>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events',stream=True)

>>> r.raw

<urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x101194810>

>>> r.raw.read(10)

'x1fx8bx08x00x00x00x00x00x00x03'

```

13、Post请求（当你想要一个键里面添加多个值的时候）

```

>>> payload_tuples = [('key1', 'value1'), ('key1', 'value2')]

>>> r1 = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload_tuples)

>>> payload_dict = {'key1': ['value1', 'value2']}

>>> r2 = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload_dict)

>>> print(r1.text)

{ ... "form": { "key1": [ "value1", "value2" ] }, ...}

>>> r1.text == r2.text

True

```

14、请求的时候用 json 作为参数

```

>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'

>>> payload = {'some':'data'}

>>> r = requests.post(url,json=payload)

```

15、想上传文件？

```

>>> url = 'https://httpbin.org/post'

>>> files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}

>>> r = requests.post(url, files=files)

>>> r.text

{ ... "files": { "file": "<censored...binary...data>" }, ...}

```

16、获取 cookie 信息

```

>>> url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'

>>> r = requests.get(url)

>>> r.cookies['example_cookie_name']

'example_cookie_value'

```

17、发送 cookie 信息

```

>>> url = 'https://httpbin.org/cookies'

>>> cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')

>>> r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)

>>> r.text

'{"cookies": {"cookies_are": "working"}}'

```

18、设置超时

```

>>> requests.get('Build software better, together', timeout=0.001)

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>requests.exceptions.Timeout: HTTPConnect

```