django mysql graphql_【Python】Django使用GraphQL详解

什么时API

API的本质就是帮人读数据、写数据。流派在变，技术在变，写API、用API的人的职称也会变，但是API的本质不会变。无论是哪种API，它的终极目的就是能让人读数据读的轻松，写数据写的愉快。懂了这个，就明白了GraphQL解决的是什么问题。

为什么不用REST

Rest一次只能请求一个资源，会造成太多的http请求

Rest的版本控制问题是一个痛

GraphQL的关键语句

query：查询，相当于GET

mutation：变化，相当于POST, PUT, DELETE

环境搭建

win10

Python3.6

pip install django==2.0.1

pip install graphene-django==2.0.0

创建项目

django-admin.py startproject django_graphql

cd django_graphql

python startapp book

项目的文件组织

image.png

创建model

book/models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Title(models.Model):

title = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name="标题")

def __str__(self):

return self.name

class Author(models.Model):

name = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name="作者姓名")

def __str__(self):

return self.name

class Book(models.Model):

title = models.ForeignKey(Title, related_name='book_title', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

author = models.ForeignKey(Author, related_name='book_author', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

创建schema.py

book/schema.py

import graphene

from graphene_django.types import DjangoObjectType

from .models import Book, Title, Author

class BookType(DjangoObjectType):

class Meta:

model = Book

class TitleType(DjangoObjectType):

class Meta:

model = Title

class AuthorType(DjangoObjectType):

class Meta:

model = Author

# 定义动作，类似POST, PUT, DELETE

class BookInput(graphene.InputObjectType):

title = graphene.String(required=True)

author = graphene.String(required=True)

class CreateBook(graphene.Mutation):

# api的输入参数

class Arguments:

book_data = BookInput(required=True)

# api的响应参数

ok = graphene.Boolean()

book = graphene.Field(BookType)

# api的相应操作，这里是create

def mutate(self, info, book_data):

title = Title.objects.create(title=book_data['title'])

author = Author.objects.create(name=book_data['author'])

book = Book.objects.create(title=title, author=author)

ok = True

return CreateBook(book=book, ok=ok)

# 定义查询，类似GET

class Query(object):

all_books = graphene.List(BookType)

all_titles = graphene.List(TitleType)

all_authors = graphene.List(AuthorType)

def resolve_all_books(self, info, **kwargs):

# 查询所有book的逻辑

return Book.objects.all()

def resolve_all_titles(self, info, **kwargs):

# 查询所有title的逻辑

return Book.objects.select_related('book_title').all()

def resolve_all_authors(self, info, **kwargs):

# 查询所有author的逻辑

return Book.objects.select_related('book_author').all()

创建总的schema入口文件

再settings.py的同级目录下创建：schema.py

import graphene

import book.schema

class Query(book.schema.Query, graphene.ObjectType):

# 总的Schema的query入口

pass

class Mutations(graphene.ObjectType):

# 总的Schema的mutations入口

create_book = book.schema.CreateBook.Field()

schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query, mutation=Mutations)

配置总的url

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView

from .schema import schema

urlpatterns = [

path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

path('graphql/', GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True, schema=schema)),

]

启动项目

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080

访问：localhost:8080/graphql/

image.png

创建book

mutation createBook {

createBook(bookData: {title:"django-graphgl2", author: "ns2250225"}) {

book {

title {

id,

title

},

author {

id,

name

}

}

ok

}

}

image.png

查询book

image.png

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