在学习uboot的过程中会经常烧录程序，每次都要敲一些下载指令。这样是不是很麻烦，有什么办法能快速的烧写呢。很简单，将需要敲击的指令编译到uboot中，以环境变量的形式存在。但是环境变量很好加，如何运行环境变量呢。这就需要自己加入run指令了。本文旨在简化uboot、Linux内核及文件系统的烧录过程。
本文基于海思的Hi3531的uboot修改，首先在uboot目录下的include/configs/godnet.h中修改加入如下代码，增加烧写的环境变量。
#define CONFIG_BOOTDELAY 1
#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS "mem=64M console=ttyAMA0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock2 rootfstype=jffs2 mtdparts=hi_sfc:1M(boot),4M(kernel),11M(rootfs)"
#define CONFIG_NETMASK 255.255.255.0 /* talk on MY local net */
#define CONFIG_IPADDR 192.168.0.251 /* static IP I currently own */
#define CONFIG_SERVERIP 192.168.0.27 /* current IP of tftp server ip */
#define CONFIG_ETHADDR 00:00:23:34:45:66
#define CONFIG_BOOTFILE "uImage" /* file to load */
#define CONFIG_BAUDRATE 115200
#define CONFIG_UBOOT_BURN "mw.b 82000000 ff 100000;tftp 0x82000000 u-boot-ok.bin;sf probe 0;sf erase 0 100000;sf write 82000000 0 100000"
#define CONFIG_KERNEL_BURN "mw.b 82000000 ff 400000;tftp 82000000 uImage;sf probe 0;sf erase 100000 400000;sf write 82000000 100000 400000"
#define CONFIG_ROOT_BURN "mw.b 82000000 ff b00000; tftp 0x82000000 rootfs.jffs2;sf probe 0;sf erase 500000 b00000;sf write 82000000 500000 b00000"
其中，红色部分为加入的指令
CONFIG_UBOOT_BURN为烧写uboot的指令，CONFIG_KERNEL_BURN为烧写内核的指令，CONFIG_ROOT_BURN为烧写根文件系统的指令，具体指令内容不在详述；
还需要在环境变量的文件/common/env_common.c的default_environment数组中加入环境变量的值。具体代码如下：
uchar default_environment[] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOTARGS
"bootargs=" CONFIG_BOOTARGS "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND
"bootcmd=" CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_RAMBOOTCOMMAND
"ramboot=" CONFIG_RAMBOOTCOMMAND "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NFSBOOTCOMMAND
"nfsboot=" CONFIG_NFSBOOTCOMMAND "\0"
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_BOOTDELAY) && (CONFIG_BOOTDELAY >= 0)
"bootdelay=" MK_STR(CONFIG_BOOTDELAY) "\0"
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_BAUDRATE) && (CONFIG_BAUDRATE >= 0)
"baudrate=" MK_STR(CONFIG_BAUDRATE) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LOADS_ECHO
"loads_echo=" MK_STR(CONFIG_LOADS_ECHO) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MDIO_INTF
"mdio_intf=" CONFIG_MDIO_INTF "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ETHADDR
"ethaddr=" MK_STR(CONFIG_ETHADDR) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ETH1ADDR
"eth1addr=" MK_STR(CONFIG_ETH1ADDR) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ETH2ADDR
"eth2addr=" MK_STR(CONFIG_ETH2ADDR) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ETH3ADDR
"eth3addr=" MK_STR(CONFIG_ETH3ADDR) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ETH4ADDR
"eth4addr=" MK_STR(CONFIG_ETH4ADDR) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ETH5ADDR
"eth5addr=" MK_STR(CONFIG_ETH5ADDR) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_IPADDR
"ipaddr=" MK_STR(CONFIG_IPADDR) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SERVERIP
"serverip=" MK_STR(CONFIG_SERVERIP) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_AUTOLOAD
"autoload=" CONFIG_SYS_AUTOLOAD "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PREBOOT
"preboot=" CONFIG_PREBOOT "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ROOTPATH
"rootpath=" MK_STR(CONFIG_ROOTPATH) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_GATEWAYIP
"gatewayip=" MK_STR(CONFIG_GATEWAYIP) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NETMASK
"netmask=" MK_STR(CONFIG_NETMASK) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HOSTNAME
"hostname=" MK_STR(CONFIG_HOSTNAME) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOTFILE
"bootfile=" MK_STR(CONFIG_BOOTFILE) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LOADADDR
"loadaddr=" MK_STR(CONFIG_LOADADDR) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CLOCKS_IN_MHZ
"clocks_in_mhz=1\0"
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_PCI_BOOTDELAY) && (CONFIG_PCI_BOOTDELAY > 0)
"pcidelay=" MK_STR(CONFIG_PCI_BOOTDELAY) "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_UBOOT_BURN
"uboot_burn=" CONFIG_UBOOT_BURN "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_BURN
"kernel_burn=" CONFIG_KERNEL_BURN "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ROOT_BURN
"root_burn=" CONFIG_ROOT_BURN "\0"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS
CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS
#endif
"\0"
};
上述红色部分为加入的环境变量，其中uboot_burn，kernel_burn，root_burn为环境变量的名称。此后在uboot指令输入界面输入printenv可以看到变量值。
至此，环境变量修改完毕。下面如何在uboot中运行环境变量呢，其实只要能让uboot_burn变量中的内容执行即可。因此需要有一条指令可以运行这个环境变量。此时就需要cmd_run.c参与了。
在学习uboot时，我们知道在/common路径下面有很多以cmd_开头的文件，这些文件即使在uboot中可以运行的指令。但是，需要在配置文件和Makefile中添加支持。
首先我们把cmd_run.c文件创建了，代码如下：
/*
* (C) Copyright 2000-2003
* Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
*
* See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
* project.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
* the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
* MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
#include
#include
int do_run (cmd_tbl_t * cmdtp, int flag, int argc, charchar *argv[])
{
int i;
if (argc
cmd_usage(cmdtp);
return 1;
}
for (i=1; i
charchar *arg;
if ((arg = getenv (argv[i])) == NULL) {
printf ("## Error: \"%s\" not defined\n", argv[i]);
return 1;
}
#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_HUSH_PARSER
if (run_command (arg, flag) == -1)
return 1;
#else
if (parse_string_outer(arg,
FLAG_PARSE_SEMICOLON | FLAG_EXIT_FROM_LOOP) != 0)
return 1;
#endif
}
return 0;
}
U_BOOT_CMD(
run, CONFIG_SYS_MAXARGS, 1, do_run,
"run commands in an environment variable",
"var [...]\n"
" - run the commands in the environment variable(s) 'var'"
);
该C文件创建完，放入到common路径下，下面需要修改common路径下的Makefile，在文件中加入COBJS-y += cmd_run.o即可。这是将cmd_run.c加入编译选项中。在如下位置添加红色部分。
COBJS-$(CONFIG_CMD_I2C) += cmd_i2c.o
COBJS-$(CONFIG_CMD_IDE) += cmd_ide.o
COBJS-$(CONFIG_CMD_IMMAP) += cmd_immap.o
COBJS-$(CONFIG_CMD_IRQ) += cmd_irq.o
COBJS-$(CONFIG_CMD_ITEST) += cmd_itest.o
COBJS-$(CONFIG_CMD_JFFS2) += cmd_jffs2.o
COBJS-$(CONFIG_CMD_CRAMFS) += cmd_cramfs.o
COBJS-$(CONFIG_CMD_LICENSE) += cmd_license.o
COBJS-y += cmd_load.o
COBJS-y += cmd_run.o
至此run运行环境变量的方法已经添加完毕，按照正常的流程编译uboot，然后按照正常流程烧写。烧录成功后，在uboot运行指令界面输入run会出现如下界面
U-Boot 2010.06 (Oct 26 2015 -10:15:14)
DRAM: 256 MiB
NAND: Special Nand id table Version 1.35
NandID: 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
No NAND device found!!!
0 MiB
Check spi flash controller v300. found
Spi(cs1)ID: 0xEF 0x40 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x00
Spi(cs1):Block:64KBChip:16MBName:"W25Q128BV"
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
judge ddr init
user init finish.
Hit any key to stopautoboot: 0
hisilicon # run
run - run commands in an environment variable
hisilicon #
现在可以去运行刚刚添加的环境变量了，输入：“run uboot_burn”试试吧
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