作用
connect by主要用于父子,祖孙,上下级等层级关系的查询
语法
{ CONNECT BY [ NOCYCLE ] condition [AND condition]... [ START WITH condition ]
| START WITH condition CONNECT BY [ NOCYCLE ] condition [AND condition]...}
解释:
start with: 指定起始节点的条件
connect by: 指定父子行的条件关系
prior: 查询父行的限定符,格式: prior column1 = column2 or column1 = prior column2 and ... ,
nocycle: 若数据表中存在循环行,那么不添加此关键字会报错,添加关键字后,便不会报错,但循环的两行只会显示其中的第一条
循环行: 该行只有一个子行,而且子行又是该行的祖先行
connect_by_iscycle: 前置条件:在使用了nocycle之后才能使用此关键字,用于表示是否是循环行,0表示否,1 表示是
connect_by_isleaf: 是否是叶子节点,0表示否,1 表示是
level: level伪列,表示层级,值越小层级越高,level=1为层级最高节点
例子
自定义数据
--创建表
create tableemployee(
emp_idnumber(18),
lead_idnumber(18),
emp_namevarchar2(200),
salarynumber(10,2),
dept_novarchar2(8)
);--添加数据
insert into employee values('1',0,'king','1000000.00','001');insert into employee values('2',1,'jack','50500.00','002');insert into employee values('3',1,'arise','60000.00','003');insert into employee values('4',2,'scott','30000.00','002');insert into employee values('5',2,'tiger','25000.00','002');insert into employee values('6',3,'wudde','23000.00','003');insert into employee values('7',3,'joker','21000.00','003');commit;
查询以emp_id为0开始的节点的所有直属节点
select emp_id,lead_id,emp_name,prior emp_name aslead_name,salaryfromemployee
startwith lead_id=0connectby prior emp_id =lead_id--等同于
select emp_id,lead_id,emp_name,prior emp_name aslead_name,salaryfromemployee
startwith emp_id=1connectby prior emp_id = lead_id
查询以emp_id为6开始的节点
selectemp_id,lead_id,emp_name,salaryfromemployee
startwith emp_id=6connectby prior lead_id=emp_id;
level伪列的使用,格式化层级
select lpad(' ',level*2,' ')||emp_name as name,emp_id,lead_id,salary,level
fromemployee
startwith lead_id=0connectby prior emp_id=lead_id
connect_by_root 查找根节点
selectconnect_by_root emp_name,emp_name,lead_id,salaryfromemployeewhere dept_no='002'startwith lead_id=1connectby prior emp_id = lead_id;
标注循环行
--插入一条数据,与另一条emp_id=7的数据组成循环行
insert into employee values('3',7,'joker_cycle','21000.00','003');commit;--connect_by_iscycle("CYCLE"), connect by nocycle
select emp_id,emp_name,lead_id,salary,connect_by_iscycle ascyclefromemployee
startwith lead_id=0connectby nocycle prior emp_id = lead_id;
connect_by_isleaf 是否是叶子节点
selectemp_id,emp_name,lead_id,salary,connect_by_isleaffromemployee
startwith lead_id=0connectby nocycle prior emp_id=lead_id;