python老齐_老齐python-基础3(列表)

1、定义一个列表

>>> a = [] #创建一个空列表

>>> type(a) #查看数据类型

>>> bool(a) #判断非空

False>>> print(a)

[]>>> a = ['2',3,'tajzhang',]>>>a

['2', 3, 'tajzhang']>>>type(a)

>>>bool(a)

True>>> print(a)

['2', 3, 'tajzhang']

列表是个筐，什么都能装

>>> b = ["hello",a]>>>b

['hello', ['2', 3, 'tajzhang']]

2、索引和切片

与字符串方式相同

>>> a = ['2','3','python.org']>>>a[0]'2'

>>> a[2]'python.org'

>>> a[:2]

['2', '3']>>> a[1:]

['3', 'python.org']>>> a[2][7:13] #两次切片

'org'

>>> a.index('2') #索引

0

>>> a[-1]

'python.org'

>>> a[-3:-1] #从右向左截取

['2', '3']

>>> alst = [1,2,3,4,5,6]

>>> alst[:] #显示列表所有

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

>>> alst[::2] #步长为2显示列表

[1, 3, 5]

>>> alst[::1]

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

3、反转

编程中比较常用

>>> alst = [1,2,3,4,5,6]>>> alst[::-1] #反转

[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]>>>alst

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]>>> lang ='python'

>>> lang[::-1] #字符串同样支持反转

'nohtyp'

>>> alst[::-2]

[6, 4, 2]>>> list(reversed(alst)) #反转函数

[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]>>> list(reversed("abcd"))

['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']

4、操作列表

4.1基本操作:与字符串操作方式基本相同

len

+

*

in

max()和min()

>>> lst = ['python','java','c++']>>>len(lst)3

>>> alst=[1,2,3,4,5,6]>>> lst +alst

['python', 'java', 'c++', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]>>> lst * 3['python', 'java', 'c++', 'python', 'java', 'c++', 'python', 'java', 'c++']>>> "python" in lst #是否存在

True>>> "c#" inlst

False>>> alst = [1,2,3,4,5,6]>>> max(alst) #最大值

6

>>> min(alst) #最小值

1

>>>min(lst)'c++'

4.2修改列表元素

>>> cities = ["nanjing","zhejiang"]>>> cities[1] = "suzhou"

>>>cities

['nanjing', 'suzhou']>>> cities.append("shanghai")>>>cities

['nanjing', 'suzhou', 'shanghai']>>> cities[len(cities):] = ["wuxi"]>>>cities

['nanjing', 'suzhou', 'shanghai', 'wuxi']

5、列表常用函数

>>>dir(list)

['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

常用:append、count、extend、index、insert、pop、remove、reverse、sort

>>> la = [1,2,3]>>> lb = ['tajzhang','python']>>> la.extend(lb) #列表合并

>>>la

[1, 2, 3, 'tajzhang', 'python']>>>lb

['tajzhang', 'python']>>> b = "abx"

>>> la.extend(b) #将字符串加入列表

>>>la

[1, 2, 3, 'tajzhang', 'python', 'a', 'b', 'x']

>>> la = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']

>>> lb = ['qiwair','python']

>>> la[len(la):] = lb #不同实现方法

>>> la

[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'qiwair', 'python']

判断对象是否是可迭代的

>>> astr = "python"

>>> hasattr(astr,'__iter__')

True>>> hasattr(3,'__iter__')

False

5.1 append()和extend()区别

>>> lst = [1,2,3]>>> lst.append(["tajzhang","blog"])>>>lst

[1, 2, 3, ['tajzhang', 'blog']]>>>len(lst)4

>>> lst2 = [1,2,3]>>> lst2.extend(["tajzhang","blog"])>>>lst2

[1, 2, 3, 'tajzhang', 'blog']>>>len(lst2)5

5.2 count 显示列表中元素重复出现次数的方法

>>> la = [1,2,1,1,3]>>> la.count(1)3

5.3 index 显示元素索引位置,元素不存在就报错

>>> la = [1,2,3,'a','b','c','tajzhang','python']>>> la.index(3)2

5.4 inster 任意位置追加元素

>>> all_user = ['tajzhang','python','blog']>>> all_user.insert(0,'github')>>> all_user

>>> a = [1,2,3]>>> a.insert(9,666) #索引超过最大值则追加到最后

>>>a

[1, 2, 3, 666]

5.5 remove和pop

remove存在列表中即删除，不存在列表中报错，建议配合if判断使用

>>>all_user

['github', 'tajzhang', 'python', 'blog']>>> if "python" inall_user:

all_users.remove("python")print(all_user)else:print("'python' is not in all_users")

pop

>>>all_user

['github', 'tajzhang', 'python', 'blog']>>>all_user.pop()'blog'

>>>all_user

['github', 'tajzhang', 'python']>>> all_user.pop(1)'tajzhang'

>>>all_user

['github', 'python']>>> all_user.pop(3) #超出索引报错

Traceback (most recent call last):

File"", line 1, in all_user.pop(3)

IndexError: pop index out of range

5.6 reverse 倒序

>>> a = [3,5,1,6]>>>a.reverse()>>>a

[6, 1, 5, 3]>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5]>>> b =reversed(a)>>>b

>>> list(b) #reverse不能实现反向迭代，可使用reversed实现

[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]>>>a

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]>>> a.reverse()

5.7 sort  sorted()

>>>a

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]>>>a.reverse()>>> a = [6,1,5,3]>>>a.sort()>>>a

[1, 3, 5, 6]>>> a.sort(reverse=True) #反向排序

>>>a

[6, 5, 3, 1]>>> lst = ["python","java","c","pascal","basic"]>>> lst.sort(key=len) #根据key 排序类似excel

>>>lst

['c', 'java', 'basic', 'python', 'pascal']

6、比较字符串和列表

6.1相同点

两者都属于序列类型，不管是组成列表的元素，还是组成字符串的字符，都可以从左向右，依次用0，1，2...(-1，-2，3...)这样的方式建立索引，都可以使用切片

6.2区别

最大区别，列表是可以随意修改的，字符串要重新赋值才可以

6.3多维列表

字符串中每个元祖只能是字符类型，列表中可以是任何类型的数据

7、列表和字符串转化

7.1 str.split()

7.2 "[sep]".join(list)

8、更pythonic的多值替换方法

lst2 = ["python",22,22,"python","linux","python","ubuntu"]

lst4= ['python2' if x == 'pyhton' else x for x in lst2] #多值替换

print(lst4)

lst3=list(set(lst2))print(lst3)

lstcache1= [22,'linux']

lst5= ['c++' if x in lstcache1 else x for x in lst3] #去除相同元素,多元素替换同一个元素

print(lst5)

lstcache2= {'python':'pythonIC','c++':'c#'}

lst6= [lstcache2[x] if x in lstcache2 else x for x in lst5] #根据字典映射关系替换

print(lst6)