python解析xml文件中文_Python(1):python代码中支持支持中文字符,读取xml文件,及比较文字字符串问题...

摘要:

一般性的python不支持中文字符,就算是注释都不行,

但是,注意但是……..

1.python中的中文字符问题.

当然了是因为编码问题,细节内容可查看:

https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/

人家发现问题了,然后也给出了解决方法(你可以设定你的代码的编码方式):

> Defining the Encoding

> Python will default to ASCII as standard encoding if no other

> encoding hints are given.

> ***To define a source code encoding, a magic comment must

> be placed into the source files either as first or second

> line in the file, such as:***

> # coding=

> or (using formats recognized by popular editors)

> #!/usr/bin/python

> # -*- coding: -*-

> or

> #!/usr/bin/python

> # vim: set fileencoding= :

> More precisely, the first or second line must match the regular

> expression "^[ \t\v]*#.*?coding[:=][ \t]*([-_.a-zA-Z0-9]+)".

> The first group of this

> expression is then interpreted as encoding name. If the encoding

> is unknown to Python, an error is raised during compilation. There

> must not be any Python statement on the line that contains the

> encoding declaration. If the first line matches the second line

> is ignored.

>

> To aid with platforms such as Windows, which add Unicode BOM marks

> to the beginning of Unicode files, the UTF-8 signature

> '\xef\xbb\xbf' will be interpreted as 'utf-8' encoding as well

> (even if no magic encoding comment is given).

>

> If a source file uses both the UTF-8 BOM mark signature and a

> magic encoding comment, the only allowed encoding for the comment

> is 'utf-8'. Any other encoding will cause an error.

于是乎你就可以在代码中定义代码的编码方式(在第一行或者第二行定义编码方式):

例如:test.py

**# coding=utf-8**

kk='文字'

print kk

执行

$python test.py

输出:

文字

如果没有”# coding=utf-8”:

kk='文字'

print kk

输出为:

SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xe6' in file nouse2.py on line 9, but no encoding declared;

see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details

2.python 读取xml文件

要读取的xml文件格式,ＶＯＣ2007.

VOC2007

000001.jpg

The VOC2007 Database

PASCAL VOC2007

flickr

341012865

Fried Camels

Jinky the Fruit Bat

353

500

3

0

dog

Left

1

0

48

240

195

371

person

Left

1

0

8

12

352

498

读取方式:

`import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET #xml的解析库

import os

import cPickle

import numpy as np

def readxml(filename):

tree = ET.parse(filename)#加载并且解析xml文件,tree为根节点.

objs = tree.findall(‘object’) #在根节点上寻找node

num_objs = len(objs)#

for ix, obj in enumerate(objs):#遍历objs的下标和内容

bbox = obj.find(‘objectbox’)

x1 = float(bbox.find(‘xmin’).text)

y1 = float(bbox.find(‘ymin’).text)

x2 = float(bbox.find(‘xmax’).text)

y2 = float(bbox.find(‘ymax’).text)

******

3.python中的文字字符串比较.

先瞎扯点:

项目实在faster-rcnn下做车辆检测.所以自己做了个标注工具,matlab实现,name,color,pose等参数是汉字存储的.而fasterrcnn是基于VOC的标注数据格式,以上参数均为英文.所以修改了fasterrcnn的数据读取接口,将汉字类转化为英文字符.

在自己标注的xml文件,头行显示为:

为 utf-8编码

假如我用2中的方法获取了一个节点的内容:

name = obj.find('name')

而在xml中name的内容是”宠物”,则name=宠物

那么通过type(),可以查看bbox内容格式:

print type(name)

输出:

至于unicode是何意思,自行百度.

又如果我要判断是”宠物”,我将bbox设为”chong wu”则可以用下列代码实现:

name = obj.find('name')# name="宠物"这里是unicode格式 if name=='宠物'.decode('utf-8'):#这里的"宠物"是< string>格式,所以需要修改编码格式 name='chongwu' ‘宠物’.decode(‘utf-8’) ,的意思是将”宠物”重编码为’utf-8’格式.这样就可以比较了. (重编码前”宠物”是 < type ‘string’>格式,所以无法比较.)